In quantum mechanics the time-independent Schrodinger\‘s equation can be solved for eigenfunctions (also called eigenstates or wave-functions) and corresponding eigenenergies (or energy levels) for a stationary physical system. The wavefunction itself can take on negative and positive values and could be complex. The square magnitude of the wave-function is the probability density of finding the particle in space at that particular energy level.

A quantum dot is a physical system that …