[Illinois] ECE 416 Surface Functionalization II

By Brian Cunningham

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Published on

Abstract

           In this lecture, we start off the discussion talking about the different functional groups. We see that the amines as bases and that carboxyl groups acts as acids. These two groups then covalently bond and eliminate H2O. Another group looked at is aldehyde where it is acidic and give up their H's and form covalent bonds with amine. This is then called glutaraldehyde which can connect the sensor to protein. The silane function is then looked at and its ability to make four bonds with a silicon center. The process for linking these proteins to a hydroxyl surface is then seen. The first step is silanization. For GOPS, a chemical, the second step would be to add protein to it and be done. For APTES, another chemical, you would expose glutaraldehyde to the silanated surface and have COOH carboxyl groups form at the ends. Then you would add protein. The linkage to the flat surface protein are separated from the transducer surface by a length of the molecular linker. It is possible to attach one monolayer of protein to the transducer surface. However, a hydrogel matrix, open porous network scaffold for immobilized protein, solves this problem. The most common type of matrix is the dextran which has a sugar, hydrophilic linear polymer, and functionalized with carboxyl groups for covalent linkage with NH2 proteins. The steps to create a sensor with the hydrogel matrix are then discussed and the results are compared with other sensors in Lofas's Paper.

Bio

My research group is focused on the application of sub-wavelength optical phenomena and fabrication methods to the development of novel devices and instrumentation for the life sciences. The group is highly interdisciplinary, with expertise in the areas of microfabrication, nanotechnology, computer simulation, instrumentation, molecular biology, and cell biology. In particular, we are working on biosensors based upon photonic crystal concepts that can either be built from low-cost flexible plastic materials, or integrated with semiconductor-based active devices, such as light sources and photodetectors, for high performance integrated detection systems.

Using a combination of micrometer-scale and nanometer-scale fabrication tools, we are devising novel methods and materials for producing electro-optic devices with nanometer-scale features that can be scaled for low-cost manufacturing. Many of our techniques are geared for compatibility with flexible plastic materials, leading to applications such as low cost disposable sensors, wearable sensors, flexible electronics, and flexible displays. Because our structures manipulate light at a scale that is smaller than an optical wavelength, we rely on computer simulation tools such as Rigorous Coupled Wave Analysis (RCWA) and Finite Difference Time Doman (FDTD) to model, design, and understand optical phenomena within photonic crystals and related devices.

In addition to fabricating devices, our group is also focused on the design, prototyping, and testing of biosensor instrumentation for high sensitivity, portability, and resolution. Advanced instruments enable high resolution imaging of biochemical and cellular interactions with the ability to monitor images of biochemical interactions as a function of time. Using the sensors and instrumentation, we are exploring new applications for optical biosensor technology including protein microarrays, biosensor/mass spectrometry systems, and microfluidics-based assays using nanoliter quantities of reagents. The methods and systems developed in the laboratory are applied in the fields of life science research, drug discovery, diagnostic testing, and environmental monitoring. -From Professor Cunningham's Faculty Profile

Cite this work

Researchers should cite this work as follows:

  • Brian Cunningham (2013), "[Illinois] ECE 416 Surface Functionalization II," https://nanohub.org/resources/17670.

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Time

Location

University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL

Submitter

NanoBio Node, Obaid Sarvana, George Daley

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

[Illinois] ECE 416 Lecture 30: Surface Functionalization II
  • Covalent Linkage 1. Covalent Linkage 0
    00:00/00:00
  • Bifunctional Linker 2. Bifunctional Linker 222.50412449279887
    00:00/00:00
  • Common Surface States 3. Common Surface States 231.85087579798716
    00:00/00:00
  • Common Functional Groups: Amine 4. Common Functional Groups: Amin… 262.22959311175225
    00:00/00:00
  • Amines act as BASES 5. Amines act as BASES 287.17677261058225
    00:00/00:00
  • Common Functional Groups: Carboxyl 6. Common Functional Groups: Carb… 363.15514460322146
    00:00/00:00
  • Amine:Carboxy Covalent Interaction 7. Amine:Carboxy Covalent Interac… 436.22827543903492
    00:00/00:00
  • Common Functional Groups: Aldehyde 8. Common Functional Groups: Alde… 532.35386328009633
    00:00/00:00
  • Amine:Carboxy Covalent Interaction 9. Amine:Carboxy Covalent Interac… 558.87997819024463
    00:00/00:00
  • Amine-Aldehyde Covalent Bonding 10. Amine-Aldehyde Covalent Bondin… 567.848331326533
    00:00/00:00
  • H 11. H 584.58504668650744
    00:00/00:00
  • Covalent linkage with Amine-Aldehyde bonds 12. Covalent linkage with Amine-Al… 610.10064293341213
    00:00/00:00
  • Common Functional Groups: Silane R2 13. Common Functional Groups: Sila… 633.97414635254563
    00:00/00:00
  • Process for Linking Protein to Hydroxy Surface Step 1: Silanization 14. Process for Linking Protein to… 758.4574141808846
    00:00/00:00
  • Process for Linking Protein to Hydroxy Surface Step 2 for GOPS: Add Protein 15. Process for Linking Protein to… 954.876979348888
    00:00/00:00
  • Process for Linking Protein to Hydroxy Surface Step 2 for APTES: Glutaraldehyde Cross-Linker 16. Process for Linking Protein to… 1052.7078174341732
    00:00/00:00
  • Process for Linking Protein to Hydroxy Surface Step 3 for APTES: Add Protein 17. Process for Linking Protein to… 1143.0229229615829
    00:00/00:00
  • Linkage to 18. Linkage to "flat" surface 1173.5911125247064
    00:00/00:00
  • Evanescent Field Region Above Surface of an Optical Biosensor 19. Evanescent Field Region Above … 1235.6748528977441
    00:00/00:00
  • Hydrogel 20. Hydrogel "matrix" 1526.1358111638685
    00:00/00:00
  • Discussion: Lofas Paper 21. Discussion: Lofas Paper 1698.0502987482109
    00:00/00:00