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On June 30, 1948, AT&T Bell Labs unveiled the transitor to the world, creating a spark of explosive economic growth that would lead into the Information Age. William Shockley led a team of researchers, including Walter Brattain and John Bardeen, who invented the device. Like the existing triode vacuum tube device, the transistor could amplify signals and switch currents on and off, but the transistor was smaller, cheaper, and more efficient. Moreover, it could be integrated with millions of other transistors onto a single chip, creating the integrated circuit at the heart of modern computers.

Today, most transistors are being manufactured with a minimum feature size of 60-90nm--roughly 200-300 atoms. As the push continues to make devices even smaller, researchers must account for quantum mechanical effects in the device behavior. With fewer and fewer atoms, the positions of impurities and other irregularities begin to matter, and device reliability becomes an issue. So rather than shrink existing devices, many researchers are working on entirely new devices, based on carbon nanotubes, spintronics, molecular conduction, and other nanotechnologies.

Learn more about transistors from the many resources on this site, listed below. Use our simulation tools to simulate performance characteristics for your own devices.

Resources (241-260 of 289)

  1. First Principles-Based Modeling of materials: Towards Computational Materials Design

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    20 Apr 2006 | Online Presentations | Contributor(s): Alejandro Strachan

    Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with accurate, first principles-based interatomic potentials is a powerful tool to uncover and characterize the molecular-level mechanisms that govern the …

    https://nanohub.org/resources/1239

  2. Nanoscale Transistors: Advanced VLSI Devices (Introductory Lecture)

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    20 Apr 2006 | Online Presentations | Contributor(s): Mark Lundstrom

    Welcome to the ECE 612 Introductory/Overview lecture. This course examines the device physics of advanced transistors and the process, device, circuit, and systems considerations that enter into the …

    https://nanohub.org/resources/1236

  3. EDA Challenges in Nanoscale Design: A Synopsys Perspective

    This resource has a 6.0 Ranking

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    11 Apr 2006 | Online Presentations | Contributor(s): Rich Goldman

    Rich Goldman gives an overview of the current state of the semiconductor and EDA (Electronic Design Automation) industry with a special focus on the impact of nanometer scale design on design tools …

    https://nanohub.org/resources/1220

  4. The Long and Short of Pick-up Stick Transistors: A Promising Technology for Nano- and Macro-Electronics

    This resource has a 9.9 Ranking

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    11 Apr 2006 | Online Presentations | Contributor(s): Muhammad A. Alam

    In recent years, there has been enormous interest in the emerging field of large-area macro-electronics, and fabricating thin-film transistors on flexible substrates. This talk will cover recent …

    https://nanohub.org/resources/1214

  5. Tutorial on Using Micelle-MD

    This resource has a 6.6 Ranking

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    05 Apr 2006 | Online Presentations | Contributor(s): Patrick Chiu, Kunal Shah, Susan Sinnott

    This is a tutorial using Micelle-MD. This includes the main capabilities, computation procedure, with format of files generated, and the simulation setup, which includes the material models …

    https://nanohub.org/resources/1193

  6. Mechanical Properties of Surfactant Aggregates at Water-Solid Interfaces

    This resource has a 6.6 Ranking

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    05 Apr 2006 | Online Presentations | Contributor(s): Patrick Chiu, Kunal Shah, Susan Sinnott

    This is a talk on the mechanical properties of surfactant aggregates at water-solid interfaces using Micelle-MD. This includes silica indentations of micelles with comparison to experimental …

    https://nanohub.org/resources/1192

  7. Thermal Microsystems for On-Chip Thermal Engineering

    This resource has a 9.2 Ranking

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    04 Apr 2006 | Online Presentations | Contributor(s): Suresh V. Garimella

    Electro-thermal co-design at the micro- and nano-scales is critical for achieving desired performance and reliability in microelectronic circuits. Emerging thermal microsystems technologies for …

    https://nanohub.org/resources/1182

  8. Electron and Ion Microscopies as Characterization Tools for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology

    This resource has a 8.7 Ranking

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    27 Feb 2006 | Online Presentations | Contributor(s): Eric Stach

    This tutorial presents a broad overview of the basic physical principles of techniques used in scanning electron microscopy (SEM), as well as their application to understanding …

    https://nanohub.org/resources/1097

  9. Metal Oxide Nanowires: Synthesis, Characterization and Device Applications

    This resource has a 10.0 Ranking

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    07 Mar 2006 | Online Presentations | Contributor(s): Jia Grace Lu

    Various metal oxide nanowires, such as ZnO, SnO2, Fe2O3, In2O3 and Ga2O3, have been synthesized by chemical vapor deposition method. Their structures and properties are characterized by TEM, SEM, …

    https://nanohub.org/resources/1096

  10. Molecular Transport Structures: Elastic Scattering, Vibronic Effects and Beyond

    This resource has a 8.6 Ranking

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    Avg. Review: 4.5 out of 5 stars
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    13 Feb 2006 | Online Presentations | Contributor(s): Mark A. Ratner, Abraham Nitzan, Misha Galperin

    Current experimental efforts are clarifying quite beautifully the nature of charge transport in so-called molecular junctions, in which a single molecule provides the channel for current flow between …

    https://nanohub.org/resources/1018

  11. Making the Tiniest and Fastest Transistor using Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD)

    This resource has a 9.7 Ranking

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    13 Feb 2006 | Online Presentations | Contributor(s): Peide "Peter" Ye

    Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is an emerging nanotechnology enables the deposit of ultrathin films, one atomic layer by one atomic layer. ALD provides a powerful, new capability to grow or regrow …

    https://nanohub.org/resources/1015

  12. Active Photonic Nanomaterials: From Random to Periodic Structures

    This resource has a 7.8 Ranking

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    06 Feb 2006 | Online Presentations | Contributor(s): Hui Cao

    Active photonic nanomaterials, which have high gain or large nonlinearity, are essential to the development of nanophotonic devices and circuits. In this talk, I will provide a review of our …

    https://nanohub.org/resources/1012

  13. A Primer on Semiconductor Device Simulation

    This resource has a 8.8 Ranking

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    23 Jan 2006 | Online Presentations | Contributor(s): Mark Lundstrom

    Computer simulation is now an essential tool for the research and development of semiconductor processes and devices, but to use a simulation tool intelligently, one must know what's "under the …

    https://nanohub.org/resources/980

  14. Nano-Scale Device Simulations Using PROPHET-Part II: PDE Systems

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    20 Jan 2006 | Online Presentations | Contributor(s): Yang Liu, Robert Dutton

    Part II uses examples to illustrate how to build user-defined PDE systems in PROPHET.

    https://nanohub.org/resources/975

  15. Nano-Scale Device Simulations Using PROPHET-Part I: Basics

    This resource has a 10.0 Ranking

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    20 Jan 2006 | Online Presentations | Contributor(s): Yang Liu, Robert Dutton

    Part I covers the basics of PROPHET, including the set-up of simulation structures and parameters based on pre-defined PDE systems.

    https://nanohub.org/resources/974

  16. Nano-Scale Device Simulations Using PROPHET

    This resource has a 10.0 Ranking

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    20 Jan 2006 | Online Presentations | Contributor(s): Yang Liu, Robert Dutton

    These two lectures are aimed to give a practical guide to the use of a general device simulator (PROPHET) available on nanoHUB. PROPHET is a partial differential equation (PDE) solver that offers …

    https://nanohub.org/resources/973

  17. Optimization of Transistor Design for Carbon Nanotubes

    This resource has a 9.4 Ranking

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    20 Jan 2006 | Online Presentations | Contributor(s): Jing Guo

    We have developed a self-consistent atomistic simulator for CNTFETs. Using the simulator, we show that a recently reported high-performance CNTFET delivers a near ballistic on-current. The …

    https://nanohub.org/resources/970

  18. Quantum Corrections for Monte Carlo Simulation

    This resource has a 8.8 Ranking

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    05 Jan 2006 | Online Presentations | Contributor(s): Umberto Ravaioli

    Size quantization is an important effect in modern scaled devices. Due to the cost and limitations of available full quantum approaches, it is appealing to extend semi-classical simulators by adding …

    https://nanohub.org/resources/847

  19. Designing Nanocomposite Materials for Solid-State Energy Conversion

    This resource has a 8.4 Ranking

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    10 Nov 2005 | Online Presentations | Contributor(s): Timothy D. Sands

    New materials will be necessary to break through today's performance envelopes for solid-state energy conversion devices ranging from LED-based solid-state white lamps to thermoelectric devices …

    https://nanohub.org/resources/832

  20. Atomic Force Microscopy

    This resource has a 8.3 Ranking

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    01 Dec 2005 | Online Presentations | Contributor(s): Arvind Raman

    Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) is an indispensible tool in nano science for the fabrication, metrology, manipulation, and property characterization of nanostructures. This tutorial reviews some of the …

    https://nanohub.org/resources/520

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