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On June 30, 1948, AT&T Bell Labs unveiled the transitor to the world, creating a spark of explosive economic growth that would lead into the Information Age. William Shockley led a team of researchers, including Walter Brattain and John Bardeen, who invented the device. Like the existing triode vacuum tube device, the transistor could amplify signals and switch currents on and off, but the transistor was smaller, cheaper, and more efficient. Moreover, it could be integrated with millions of other transistors onto a single chip, creating the integrated circuit at the heart of modern computers.

Today, most transistors are being manufactured with a minimum feature size of 60-90nm--roughly 200-300 atoms. As the push continues to make devices even smaller, researchers must account for quantum mechanical effects in the device behavior. With fewer and fewer atoms, the positions of impurities and other irregularities begin to matter, and device reliability becomes an issue. So rather than shrink existing devices, many researchers are working on entirely new devices, based on carbon nanotubes, spintronics, molecular conduction, and other nanotechnologies.

Learn more about transistors from the many resources on this site, listed below. Use our simulation tools to simulate performance characteristics for your own devices.

Resources (141-160 of 289)

  1. ECE 606 Lecture 30: Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors I

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    04 Apr 2009 | Online Presentations | Contributor(s): Muhammad A. Alam

    https://nanohub.org/resources/5890

  2. ECE 606 Lecture 31: Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors II

    This resource has a 9.3 Ranking

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    04 Apr 2009 | Online Presentations | Contributor(s): Muhammad A. Alam

    https://nanohub.org/resources/5892

  3. ECE 606 Lecture 29: BJT Design II

    This resource has a 9.3 Ranking

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    31 Mar 2009 | Online Presentations | Contributor(s): Muhammad A. Alam

    https://nanohub.org/resources/5836

  4. ECE 606 Lecture 19: Numerical Solution of Transport Equation

    This resource has a 9.4 Ranking

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    29 Mar 2009 | Online Presentations | Contributor(s): Muhammad A. Alam

    Outline: Basic Transport Equations Gridding and finite differences Discretizing equations and boundary conditions Conclusion Lundstrom, Mark, A Primer on Semiconductor Device Simulation, …

    https://nanohub.org/resources/5819

  5. ECE 606 Lecture 28: BJT Design I

    This resource has a 9.7 Ranking

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    29 Mar 2009 | Online Presentations | Contributor(s): Muhammad A. Alam

    https://nanohub.org/resources/5834

  6. ECE 606 Lecture 27: Introduction to Bipolar Transistors

    This resource has a 9.4 Ranking

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    29 Mar 2009 | Online Presentations | Contributor(s): Muhammad A. Alam

    https://nanohub.org/resources/5832

  7. ECE 606 Lecture 25: Schottky Diode I

    This resource has a 9.7 Ranking

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    24 Mar 2009 | Online Presentations | Contributor(s): Muhammad A. Alam

    …

    https://nanohub.org/resources/5828

  8. ECE 606 Lecture 18: Continuity Equations

    This resource has a 9.7 Ranking

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    24 Mar 2009 | Online Presentations | Contributor(s): Muhammad A. Alam

    Outline Continuity Equation Example problems Conclusion R. F. Pierret, "Advanced Semiconductor Fundamentals", Modular Series on Solid State Devices, Volume VI, Addison-Wesley, 1987, Chapter 5 …

    https://nanohub.org/resources/5817

  9. ECE 606 Lecture 24: Large Signal Response

    This resource has a 9.2 Ranking

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    13 Mar 2009 | Online Presentations | Contributor(s): Muhammad A. Alam

    https://nanohub.org/resources/6498

  10. ECE 606 Lecture 23: AC Response

    This resource has a 9.3 Ranking

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    13 Mar 2009 | Online Presentations | Contributor(s): Muhammad A. Alam

    https://nanohub.org/resources/6493

  11. ECE 606 Lecture 20: Electrostatics of P-N Junction Diodes

    This resource has a 10.0 Ranking

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    11 Mar 2009 | Online Presentations | Contributor(s): Muhammad A. Alam

    https://nanohub.org/resources/5820

  12. ECE 606 Lecture 21: P-N Diode I-V Characteristics

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    11 Mar 2009 | Online Presentations | Contributor(s): Muhammad A. Alam

    https://nanohub.org/resources/5822

  13. ECE 606 Lecture 22: Non-ideal Effects

    This resource has a 9.6 Ranking

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    11 Mar 2009 | Online Presentations | Contributor(s): Muhammad A. Alam

    https://nanohub.org/resources/5824

  14. ECE 606 Lecture 17: Hall Effect, Diffusion

    This resource has a 10.0 Ranking

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    24 Feb 2009 | Online Presentations | Contributor(s): Muhammad A. Alam

    Outline: Measurement of mobility Hall Effect for determining carrier concentration Physics of diffusion Conclusions R. F. Pierret, "Advanced Semiconductor Fundamentals", Modular Series on …

    https://nanohub.org/resources/5815

  15. ECE 606 Lecture 16: Carrier Transport

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    23 Feb 2009 | Online Presentations | Contributor(s): Muhammad A. Alam

    https://nanohub.org/resources/5813

  16. ECE 606 Lecture 13: Recombination-Generation

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    16 Feb 2009 | Online Presentations | Contributor(s): Muhammad A. Alam

    Outline: Non-equilibrium systems Recombination generation events Steady-state and transient response Derivation of R-G formula Conclusion R. F. Pierret, "Advanced Semiconductor …

    https://nanohub.org/resources/5807

  17. ECE 606 Lecture 12: Equilibrium Concentrations

    This resource has a 9.7 Ranking

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    16 Feb 2009 | Online Presentations | Contributor(s): Muhammad A. Alam

    Outline: Carrier concentration Temperature dependence of carrier concentration Multiple doping, co-doping, and heavy-doping Conclusion R. F. Pierret, "Advanced Semiconductor Fundamentals", …

    https://nanohub.org/resources/5805

  18. ECE 606 Lecture 11: Equilibrium Statistics

    This resource has a 10.0 Ranking

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    16 Feb 2009 | Online Presentations | Contributor(s): Muhammad A. Alam

    Outline: Law of mass-action & intrinsic concentration Statistics of donors and acceptor levels Conclusion R. F. Pierret, "Advanced Semiconductor Fundamentals", Modular Series on Solid State …

    https://nanohub.org/resources/5803

  19. ECE 606 Lecture 10: Additional Information

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    16 Feb 2009 | Online Presentations | Contributor(s): Muhammad A. Alam

    Outline: Potential, field, and charge E-k diagram vs. band-diagram Basic concepts of donors and acceptors Conclusion R. F. Pierret, "Advanced Semiconductor Fundamentals", Modular Series on …

    https://nanohub.org/resources/5801

  20. ECE 606 Lecture 13a: Fermi Level Differences for Metals and Semiconductors

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    16 Feb 2009 | Online Presentations | Contributor(s): Muhammad A. Alam

    Short chalkboard lecture on Fermi level and band diagram differences for metals and semiconductors.

    https://nanohub.org/resources/6288

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