source: geovis/trunk/Renderer.cpp @ 4643

/* -*- mode: c++; c-basic-offset: 4; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*- */
/*
 * Copyright (C) 2004-2013  HUBzero Foundation, LLC
 *
 * Author: Leif Delgass <ldelgass@purdue.edu>
 */

#include <cfloat>
#include <cstring>
#include <cassert>
#include <cmath>
#include <cstdlib>

#include <limits>
#include <set>

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h> // For getpid()

#include <GL/gl.h>

#ifdef WANT_TRACE
#include <sys/time.h>
#endif

#include <osgDB/FileUtils>
#include <osgDB/FileNameUtils>
#include <osgGA/StateSetManipulator>
#include <osgGA/GUIEventAdapter>
#include <osgViewer/ViewerEventHandlers>

#include <osgEarth/Version>
#include <osgEarth/FileUtils>
#include <osgEarth/Cache>
#include <osgEarthDrivers/cache_filesystem/FileSystemCache>
#include <osgEarth/MapNode>
#include <osgEarth/Bounds>
#include <osgEarth/Profile>
#include <osgEarth/Viewpoint>
#include <osgEarth/GeoMath>
#include <osgEarth/TerrainLayer>
#include <osgEarth/ImageLayer>
#include <osgEarth/ElevationLayer>
#include <osgEarth/ModelLayer>
#include <osgEarth/DateTime>
#include <osgEarth/Pickers>
#include <osgEarthAnnotation/AnnotationNode>
#include <osgEarthAnnotation/PlaceNode>
#include <osgEarthAnnotation/HighlightDecoration>
#include <osgEarthAnnotation/ScaleDecoration>
#include <osgEarthUtil/EarthManipulator>
#if OSGEARTH_MIN_VERSION_REQUIRED(2, 5, 1)
#include <osgEarthUtil/Sky>
#include <osgEarthDrivers/sky_simple/SimpleSkyOptions>
#else
#include <osgEarthUtil/SkyNode>
#endif
#include <osgEarthUtil/AutoClipPlaneHandler>
#include <osgEarthUtil/MouseCoordsTool>
#include <osgEarthUtil/UTMGraticule>
#include <osgEarthUtil/MGRSGraticule>
#include <osgEarthUtil/GeodeticGraticule>
#include <osgEarthUtil/LatLongFormatter>
#include <osgEarthUtil/MGRSFormatter>
#include <osgEarthUtil/GLSLColorFilter>
#include <osgEarthUtil/VerticalScale>
#include <osgEarthDrivers/gdal/GDALOptions>
#include <osgEarthDrivers/engine_mp/MPTerrainEngineOptions>

#include "Renderer.h"
#if 0
#include "SingleWindow.h"
#endif
#include "ScaleBar.h"
#include "FileUtil.h"
#include "Trace.h"

#define MSECS_ELAPSED(t1, t2) \
    ((t1).tv_sec == (t2).tv_sec ? (((t2).tv_usec - (t1).tv_usec)/1.0e+3) : \
     (((t2).tv_sec - (t1).tv_sec))*1.0e+3 + (double)((t2).tv_usec - (t1).tv_usec)/1.0e+3)

#define BASE_IMAGE "world.tif"
#define PIN_ICON "placemark32.png"

using namespace GeoVis;

Renderer::Renderer() :
    _needsRedraw(false),
    _windowWidth(500),
    _windowHeight(500),
    _scaleBarUnits(UNITS_METERS)
{
    TRACE("Enter");

    _bgColor[0] = 0;
    _bgColor[1] = 0;
    _bgColor[2] = 0;
    //setMaximumFrameRateInHertz(15.0);
    // 100 Mbps
    setMaximumBitrate(1.0e8);
    _lastFrameTime = _minFrameTime;
    TRACE("Bandwidth target: %.2f Mbps", (float)(getMaximumBitrate()/1.0e6));
    TRACE("Frame rate target: %.2f Hz", (float)getMaximumFrameRateInHertz());
    TRACE("Frame time target: %.2f msec", _minFrameTime * 1000.0f);

    char *base = getenv("MAP_BASE_URI");
    if (base != NULL) {
        _baseURI = base;
        TRACE("Setting base URI: %s", _baseURI.c_str());
    }
}

osgGA::EventQueue *Renderer::getEventQueue()
{
    if (_viewer.valid()) {
        osgViewer::ViewerBase::Windows windows;
        _viewer->getWindows(windows);
        if (windows.size() > 0) {
            return windows[0]->getEventQueue();
        }
    }
    return NULL;
}

Renderer::~Renderer()
{
    TRACE("Enter");

    removeDirectory(_cacheDir.c_str());

    TRACE("Leave");
}

std::string Renderer::getBaseImage()
{
    std::ostringstream oss;
    oss << _resourcePath << "/" << BASE_IMAGE;
    return oss.str();
}

std::string Renderer::getPinIcon()
{
    std::ostringstream oss;
    oss << _resourcePath << "/" << PIN_ICON;
    return oss.str();
}

void Renderer::setupCache()
{
    std::ostringstream dir;
    dir << "/tmp/geovis_cache" << getpid();
    _cacheDir = dir.str();
    const char *path = _cacheDir.c_str();
    TRACE("Cache dir: %s", path);
    removeDirectory(path);
    if (!osgDB::makeDirectory(_cacheDir)) {
        ERROR("Failed to create directory '%s'", path);
    }
}

void Renderer::initColorMaps()
{
    if (!_colorMaps.empty())
        return;

    osg::TransferFunction1D *defaultColorMap = new osg::TransferFunction1D;
    defaultColorMap->allocate(256);
    defaultColorMap->setColor(0.00, osg::Vec4f(0,0,1,1), false);
    defaultColorMap->setColor(0.25, osg::Vec4f(0,1,1,1), false);
    defaultColorMap->setColor(0.50, osg::Vec4f(0,1,0,1), false);
    defaultColorMap->setColor(0.75, osg::Vec4f(1,1,0,1), false);
    defaultColorMap->setColor(1.00, osg::Vec4f(1,0,0,1), false);
    defaultColorMap->updateImage();
    addColorMap("default", defaultColorMap);
    osg::TransferFunction1D *defaultGrayColorMap = new osg::TransferFunction1D;
    defaultGrayColorMap->allocate(256);
    defaultGrayColorMap->setColor(0, osg::Vec4f(0,0,0,1), false);
    defaultGrayColorMap->setColor(1, osg::Vec4f(1,1,1,1), false);
    defaultGrayColorMap->updateImage();
    addColorMap("grayDefault", defaultGrayColorMap);
}

void Renderer::addColorMap(const ColorMapId& id, osg::TransferFunction1D *xfer)
{
    _colorMaps[id] = xfer;
}

void Renderer::deleteColorMap(const ColorMapId& id)
{
    ColorMapHashmap::iterator itr;
    bool doAll = false;

    if (id.compare("all") == 0) {
        itr = _colorMaps.begin();
        doAll = true;
    } else {
        itr = _colorMaps.find(id);
    }

    if (itr == _colorMaps.end()) {
        ERROR("Unknown ColorMap %s", id.c_str());
        return;
    }

    do {
        if (itr->first.compare("default") == 0 ||
            itr->first.compare("grayDefault") == 0) {
            if (id.compare("all") != 0) {
                WARN("Cannot delete a default color map");
            }
            continue;
        }

        TRACE("Deleting ColorMap %s", itr->first.c_str());
        itr = _colorMaps.erase(itr);
    } while (doAll && itr != _colorMaps.end());
}

void Renderer::setColorMapNumberOfTableEntries(const ColorMapId& id,
                                               int numEntries)
{
    ColorMapHashmap::iterator itr;
    bool doAll = false;

    if (id.compare("all") == 0) {
        itr = _colorMaps.begin();
        doAll = true;
    } else {
        itr = _colorMaps.find(id);
    }

    if (itr == _colorMaps.end()) {
        ERROR("Unknown ColorMap %s", id.c_str());
        return;
    }

    do {
        itr->second->allocate(numEntries);
        itr->second->updateImage();
    } while (doAll && ++itr != _colorMaps.end());
}

void Renderer::initViewer() {
    if (_viewer.valid())
        return;
    _viewer = new osgViewer::Viewer();
#if 1
    osg::DisplaySettings *ds = _viewer->getDisplaySettings();
    if (ds == NULL) {
        ds = osg::DisplaySettings::instance().get();
    }
    ds->setDoubleBuffer(false);
    ds->setMinimumNumAlphaBits(8);
    ds->setMinimumNumStencilBits(8);
    ds->setNumMultiSamples(0);
#endif
    _viewer->setThreadingModel(osgViewer::ViewerBase::SingleThreaded);
    _viewer->getDatabasePager()->setUnrefImageDataAfterApplyPolicy(false, false);
    _viewer->setReleaseContextAtEndOfFrameHint(false);
    //_viewer->setLightingMode(osg::View::SKY_LIGHT);
    _viewer->getCamera()->setClearColor(osg::Vec4(_bgColor[0], _bgColor[1], _bgColor[2], 1));
    _viewer->getCamera()->setClearMask(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
    _viewer->getCamera()->setNearFarRatio(0.00002);
    _viewer->getCamera()->setSmallFeatureCullingPixelSize(-1.0f);
    _stateManip = new osgGA::StateSetManipulator(_viewer->getCamera()->getOrCreateStateSet());
    _viewer->addEventHandler(_stateManip);
    //_viewer->addEventHandler(new osgViewer::StatsHandler());

#ifdef DEBUG
    if (_viewer->getViewerStats() != NULL) {
        TRACE("Enabling stats");
        _viewer->getViewerStats()->collectStats("scene", true);
    }
#endif
#if 0
    osgViewer::ViewerBase::Windows windows;
    _viewer->getWindows(windows);
    if (windows.size() == 1) {
        windows[0]->setSyncToVBlank(false);
    } else {
        ERROR("Num windows: %lu", windows.size());
    }
#endif
}

void Renderer::finalizeViewer() {
    initViewer();
    TRACE("Before _viewer->isRealized()");
    if (!_viewer->isRealized()) {
        int screen = 0;
        const char *displayEnv = getenv("DISPLAY");
        if (displayEnv != NULL) {
            TRACE("DISPLAY: %s", displayEnv);
            // 3 parts: host, display, screen
            int part = 0;
            for (size_t c = 0; c < strlen(displayEnv); c++) {
                if (displayEnv[c] == ':') {
                    part = 1;
                } else if (part == 1 && displayEnv[c] == '.') {
                    part = 2;
                } else if (part == 2) {
                    screen = atoi(&displayEnv[c]);
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
        TRACE("Using screen: %d", screen);
#ifdef USE_OFFSCREEN_RENDERING
#ifdef USE_PBUFFER
        osg::ref_ptr<osg::GraphicsContext> pbuffer;
        osg::ref_ptr<osg::GraphicsContext::Traits> traits = new osg::GraphicsContext::Traits;
        traits->x = 0;
        traits->y = 0;
        traits->width = _windowWidth;
        traits->height = _windowHeight;
        traits->red = 8;
        traits->green = 8;
        traits->blue = 8;
        traits->alpha = 8;
        traits->windowDecoration = false;
        traits->pbuffer = true;
        traits->doubleBuffer = true;
        traits->sharedContext = 0;

        pbuffer = osg::GraphicsContext::createGraphicsContext(traits.get());
        if (pbuffer.valid()) {
            TRACE("Pixel buffer has been created successfully.");
        } else {
            ERROR("Pixel buffer has not been created successfully.");
        }
        osg::Camera *camera = new osg::Camera;
        camera->setGraphicsContext(pbuffer.get());
        camera->setViewport(new osg::Viewport(0, 0, _windowWidth, _windowHeight));
        GLenum buffer = pbuffer->getTraits()->doubleBuffer ? GL_BACK : GL_FRONT;
        camera->setDrawBuffer(buffer);
        camera->setReadBuffer(buffer);
        _captureCallback = new ScreenCaptureCallback();
        camera->setFinalDrawCallback(_captureCallback.get());
        _viewer->addSlave(camera, osg::Matrixd(), osg::Matrixd());
#else
        _viewer->getCamera()->setRenderTargetImplementation(osg::Camera::FRAME_BUFFER_OBJECT);
        osg::Texture2D* texture2D = new osg::Texture2D;
        texture2D->setTextureSize(_windowWidth, _windowHeight);
        texture2D->setInternalFormat(GL_RGBA);
        texture2D->setFilter(osg::Texture2D::MIN_FILTER, osg::Texture2D::NEAREST);
        texture2D->setFilter(osg::Texture2D::MAG_FILTER, osg::Texture2D::NEAREST);

        _viewer->getCamera()->setImplicitBufferAttachmentMask(0, 0);
        _viewer->getCamera()->attach(osg::Camera::COLOR_BUFFER0, texture2D);
        //_viewer->getCamera()->attach(osg::Camera::DEPTH_BUFFER, GL_DEPTH_COMPONENT24);
        _viewer->getCamera()->attach(osg::Camera::PACKED_DEPTH_STENCIL_BUFFER, GL_DEPTH24_STENCIL8_EXT);
        _captureCallback = new ScreenCaptureCallback(texture2D);
        _viewer->getCamera()->setFinalDrawCallback(_captureCallback.get());
        _viewer->setUpViewInWindow(0, 0, _windowWidth, _windowHeight, screen);
#endif
#else
        _captureCallback = new ScreenCaptureCallback();
        _viewer->getCamera()->setFinalDrawCallback(_captureCallback.get());
#if 1
        _viewer->setUpViewInWindow(0, 0, _windowWidth, _windowHeight, screen);
#else
        SingleWindow *windowConfig = new SingleWindow(0, 0, _windowWidth, _windowHeight, screen);
        osg::DisplaySettings *ds = windowConfig->getActiveDisplaySetting(*_viewer.get());
        ds->setDoubleBuffer(false);
        ds->setMinimumNumAlphaBits(8);
        ds->setMinimumNumStencilBits(8);
        ds->setNumMultiSamples(0);
        windowConfig->setWindowDecoration(false);
        windowConfig->setOverrideRedirect(false);
        _viewer->apply(windowConfig);
#endif
#endif
        _viewer->realize();
        initColorMaps();
        // HACK: This seems to initialize something required for properly
        // mapping mouse coords
        assert(getEventQueue() != NULL);
        getEventQueue()->mouseMotion(_windowWidth/2, _windowHeight/2);
    }
}

void Renderer::initControls()
{
    if (_hbox.valid())
        return;
    _hbox = 
        new osgEarth::Util::Controls::HBox(osgEarth::Util::Controls::Control::ALIGN_RIGHT,
                                           osgEarth::Util::Controls::Control::ALIGN_BOTTOM,
                                           osgEarth::Util::Controls::Gutter(0, 2, 2, 0), 2.0f);
    _copyrightLabel =
        new osgEarth::Util::Controls::LabelControl("Map data © 2014 ACME Corp.", 12.0f);
    _copyrightLabel->setForeColor(osg::Vec4f(1, 1, 1, 1));
    _copyrightLabel->setHaloColor(osg::Vec4f(0, 0, 0, 1));
    _copyrightLabel->setEncoding(osgText::String::ENCODING_UTF8);
    _scaleLabel =
        new osgEarth::Util::Controls::LabelControl("- km", 12.0f);
    _scaleLabel->setForeColor(osg::Vec4f(1, 1, 1, 1));
    _scaleLabel->setHaloColor(osg::Vec4f(0, 0, 0, 1));
    _scaleBar =
        new osgEarth::Util::Controls::Frame();
    _scaleBar->setVertFill(true);
    _scaleBar->setForeColor(osg::Vec4f(0, 0, 0, 1));
    _scaleBar->setBackColor(osg::Vec4f(1, 1, 1, 0.6));
    _scaleBar->setBorderColor(osg::Vec4f(0, 0, 0 ,1));
    _scaleBar->setBorderWidth(1.0);
    _hbox->addControl(_copyrightLabel.get());
    _hbox->addControl(_scaleLabel.get());
    _hbox->addControl(_scaleBar.get());
#if OSGEARTH_MIN_VERSION_REQUIRED(2, 5, 1)
    osgEarth::Util::Controls::ControlCanvas::getOrCreate(_viewer.get())->addControl(_hbox.get());
#else
    osgEarth::Util::Controls::ControlCanvas::get(_viewer.get(), true)->addControl(_hbox.get());
#endif
    // Install an event callback to handle scale bar updates
    // Can't use an update callback since that will trigger
    // constant rendering
    _mapNode->setEventCallback(new MapNodeCallback(this));
}

void Renderer::setGraticule(bool enable, GraticuleType type)
{
    if (!_mapNode.valid() || !_sceneRoot.valid())
        return;
    if (enable) {
        if (_graticule.valid()) {
            _sceneRoot->removeChild(_graticule.get());
            _graticule = NULL;
        }
        switch (type) {
        case GRATICULE_UTM: {
            osgEarth::Util::UTMGraticule *gr = new osgEarth::Util::UTMGraticule(_mapNode.get());
            _sceneRoot->addChild(gr);
            _graticule = gr;
        }
            break;
        case GRATICULE_MGRS: {
            osgEarth::Util::MGRSGraticule *gr = new osgEarth::Util::MGRSGraticule(_mapNode.get());
            _sceneRoot->addChild(gr);
            _graticule = gr;
        }
            break;
        case GRATICULE_GEODETIC:
        default:
            osgEarth::Util::GeodeticGraticule *gr = new osgEarth::Util::GeodeticGraticule(_mapNode.get());
            osgEarth::Util::GeodeticGraticuleOptions opt = gr->getOptions();
            opt.lineStyle()->getOrCreate<osgEarth::Symbology::LineSymbol>()->stroke()->color().set(1,0,0,1);
            gr->setOptions(opt);
            _sceneRoot->addChild(gr);
            _graticule = gr;
        }
    } else if (_graticule.valid()) {
        _sceneRoot->removeChild(_graticule.get());
        _graticule = NULL;
    }
    _needsRedraw = true;
}

void Renderer::setReadout(int x, int y)
{
    if (!_coordsCallback.valid() || !_mapNode.valid() || !_viewer.valid())
        return;

    osgEarth::GeoPoint mapCoord;
    if (mapMouseCoords(x, y, mapCoord)) {
        _coordsCallback->set(mapCoord, _viewer->asView(), _mapNode);
    } else {
        _coordsCallback->reset(_viewer->asView(), _mapNode);
    }
    _needsRedraw = true;
}

void Renderer::clearReadout()
{
    if (_coordsCallback.valid()) {
        _coordsCallback->reset(_viewer->asView(), _mapNode);
    }
    _needsRedraw = true;
}

void Renderer::setCoordinateReadout(bool state, CoordinateDisplayType type,
                                    int precision)
{
    if (!state) {
        if (_mouseCoordsTool.valid() && _viewer.valid()) {
            _viewer->removeEventHandler(_mouseCoordsTool.get());
            _mouseCoordsTool = NULL;
        }
        if (_coordsCallback.valid() && _viewer.valid()) {
            osgEarth::Util::Controls::LabelControl *readout =
                _coordsCallback->getLabel();
#if OSGEARTH_MIN_VERSION_REQUIRED(2, 5, 1)
            osgEarth::Util::Controls::ControlCanvas::getOrCreate(_viewer.get())->removeControl(readout);
#else
            osgEarth::Util::Controls::ControlCanvas::get(_viewer.get(), true)->removeControl(readout);
#endif
            _coordsCallback = NULL;
        }
    } else {
        initMouseCoordsTool(type, precision);
    }
    _needsRedraw = true;
}

osgEarth::Util::MGRSFormatter::Precision
Renderer::getMGRSPrecision(int precisionInMeters)
{
    switch (precisionInMeters) {
    case 1:
        return osgEarth::Util::MGRSFormatter::PRECISION_1M;
    case 10:
        return osgEarth::Util::MGRSFormatter::PRECISION_10M;
    case 100:
        return osgEarth::Util::MGRSFormatter::PRECISION_100M;
    case 1000:
        return osgEarth::Util::MGRSFormatter::PRECISION_1000M;
    case 10000:
        return osgEarth::Util::MGRSFormatter::PRECISION_10000M;
    case 100000:
        return osgEarth::Util::MGRSFormatter::PRECISION_100000M;
    default:
        ERROR("Invalid precision: %d", precisionInMeters);
        return osgEarth::Util::MGRSFormatter::PRECISION_1M;
    }
}

void Renderer::initMouseCoordsTool(CoordinateDisplayType type, int precision)
{
    if (!_viewer.valid())
        return;
    if (_mouseCoordsTool.valid()) {
        _viewer->removeEventHandler(_mouseCoordsTool.get());
    }
    _mouseCoordsTool = new MouseCoordsTool(_mapNode.get());
    osgEarth::Util::Controls::LabelControl *readout;
    if (_coordsCallback.valid()) {
        readout = _coordsCallback->getLabel();
        _coordsCallback = NULL;
    } else {
        readout = new osgEarth::Util::Controls::LabelControl("", 12.0f);
#if OSGEARTH_MIN_VERSION_REQUIRED(2, 5, 1)
        osgEarth::Util::Controls::ControlCanvas::getOrCreate(_viewer.get())->addControl(readout);
#else
        osgEarth::Util::Controls::ControlCanvas::get(_viewer.get(), true)->addControl(readout);
#endif
        readout->setForeColor(osg::Vec4f(1, 1, 1, 1));
        readout->setHaloColor(osg::Vec4f(0, 0, 0, 1));
    }

    osgEarth::Util::Formatter *formatter = NULL;
    if (type == COORDS_MGRS) {
        osgEarth::Util::MGRSFormatter::Precision prec =
            osgEarth::Util::MGRSFormatter::PRECISION_1M;
        if (precision > 0) {
            prec = getMGRSPrecision(precision);
        }
        unsigned int opts = 0u;
        formatter = new osgEarth::Util::MGRSFormatter(prec, NULL, opts);
    } else {
        osgEarth::Util::LatLongFormatter::AngularFormat af;
        unsigned int opts =  osgEarth::Util::LatLongFormatter::USE_SYMBOLS;
        switch (type) {
        case COORDS_LATLONG_DEGREES_DECIMAL_MINUTES:
            af = osgEarth::Util::LatLongFormatter::FORMAT_DEGREES_DECIMAL_MINUTES;
            break;
        case COORDS_LATLONG_DEGREES_MINUTES_SECONDS:
            af = osgEarth::Util::LatLongFormatter::FORMAT_DEGREES_MINUTES_SECONDS;
            break;
        default:
            af = osgEarth::Util::LatLongFormatter::FORMAT_DECIMAL_DEGREES;
        }
        osgEarth::Util::LatLongFormatter *latlong = new osgEarth::Util::LatLongFormatter(af, opts);
        if (precision > 0) {
            latlong->setPrecision(precision);
        }
        formatter = latlong;
    }
    _coordsCallback = new MouseCoordsCallback(readout, formatter);

    _mouseCoordsTool->addCallback(_coordsCallback.get());
    _viewer->addEventHandler(_mouseCoordsTool.get());
}

void Renderer::initEarthManipulator()
{
    _manipulator = new osgEarth::Util::EarthManipulator;
#if 1
    osgEarth::Util::EarthManipulator::Settings *settings = _manipulator->getSettings();
    settings->bindMouse(osgEarth::Util::EarthManipulator::ACTION_ROTATE,
                        osgGA::GUIEventAdapter::MIDDLE_MOUSE_BUTTON,
                        osgGA::GUIEventAdapter::MODKEY_ALT);
    osgEarth::Util::EarthManipulator::ActionOptions options;
    options.clear();
    options.add(osgEarth::Util::EarthManipulator::OPTION_CONTINUOUS, true);
    settings->bindMouse(osgEarth::Util::EarthManipulator::ACTION_ZOOM,
                        osgGA::GUIEventAdapter::RIGHT_MOUSE_BUTTON,
                        osgGA::GUIEventAdapter::MODKEY_ALT, options);
    _manipulator->applySettings(settings);
#endif
    _viewer->setCameraManipulator(_manipulator.get());
    _manipulator->setNode(NULL);
    _manipulator->setNode(_sceneRoot.get());
    //_manipulator->computeHomePosition();
}

void Renderer::loadEarthFile(const char *path)
{
    TRACE("Loading %s", path);
    osg::Node *node = osgDB::readNodeFile(path);
    if (node == NULL) {
        ERROR("Couldn't load %s", path);
        return;
    }
    osgEarth::MapNode *mapNode = osgEarth::MapNode::findMapNode(node);
    if (mapNode == NULL) {
        ERROR("Couldn't find MapNode");
        return;
    } else {
        initViewer();
        _sceneRoot = new osg::Group;
        _sceneRoot->addChild(node);
        _map = mapNode->getMap();
    }
    _mapNode = mapNode;

    if (_clipPlaneCullCallback.valid()) {
        _viewer->getCamera()->removeCullCallback(_clipPlaneCullCallback.get());
        _clipPlaneCullCallback = NULL;
    }
    if (_map->isGeocentric()) {
        _clipPlaneCullCallback = new osgEarth::Util::AutoClipPlaneCullCallback(mapNode);
        _viewer->getCamera()->addCullCallback(_clipPlaneCullCallback.get());
    }
    _viewer->setSceneData(_sceneRoot.get());

    if (_mouseCoordsTool.valid()) {
        initMouseCoordsTool();
    }
    initControls();
    initEarthManipulator();
    
    _viewer->home();
    finalizeViewer();
    _needsRedraw = true;
}

void Renderer::resetMap(osgEarth::MapOptions::CoordinateSystemType type,
                        const char *profile,
                        double bounds[4])
{
    TRACE("Restting map with type %d, profile %s", type, profile);

    osgEarth::MapOptions mapOpts;
    mapOpts.coordSysType() = type;
    if (profile != NULL) {
        if (bounds != NULL) {
            mapOpts.profile() = osgEarth::ProfileOptions();
            if (strcmp(profile, "geodetic") == 0) {
                mapOpts.profile()->srsString() = "epsg:4326";
            } else if (strcmp(profile, "spherical-mercator") == 0) {
                // Projection used by Google/Bing/OSM
                // aka epsg:900913 meters in x/y
                // aka WGS84 Web Mercator (Auxiliary Sphere)
                // X/Y: -20037508.34m to 20037508.34m
                mapOpts.profile()->srsString() = "epsg:3857";
            } else {
                mapOpts.profile()->srsString() = profile;
            }
            TRACE("Setting profile bounds: %g %g %g %g",
                  bounds[0], bounds[1], bounds[2], bounds[3]);
            mapOpts.profile()->bounds() = 
                osgEarth::Bounds(bounds[0], bounds[1], bounds[2], bounds[3]);
        } else {
            mapOpts.profile() = osgEarth::ProfileOptions(profile);
        }
    } else if (type == osgEarth::MapOptions::CSTYPE_PROJECTED) {
        mapOpts.profile() = osgEarth::ProfileOptions("global-mercator");
    }

#ifdef USE_CACHE
    setupCache();
    osgEarth::Drivers::FileSystemCacheOptions cacheOpts;
    cacheOpts.rootPath() = _cacheDir;
    mapOpts.cache() = cacheOpts;
#endif

    initViewer();

    //mapOpts.referenceURI() = _baseURI;
    osgEarth::Map *map = new osgEarth::Map(mapOpts);
    _map = map;
    osgEarth::Drivers::GDALOptions bopts;
    bopts.url() = getBaseImage();
    addImageLayer("base", bopts);
#if OSGEARTH_MIN_VERSION_REQUIRED(2, 5, 1)
    osgEarth::Drivers::MPTerrainEngine::MPTerrainEngineOptions mpOpt;
#else
    osgEarth::Drivers::MPTerrainEngineOptions mpOpt;
#endif
    // Set background layer color
    mpOpt.color() = osg::Vec4(1, 1, 1, 1);
    //mpOpt.minLOD() = 1;
    // Sets shader uniform for terrain renderer (config var defaults to false)
    mpOpt.enableLighting() = false;
    osgEarth::MapNodeOptions mapNodeOpts(mpOpt);
    // Sets GL_LIGHTING state in MapNode's StateSet (config var defaults to true)
    mapNodeOpts.enableLighting() = true;
    //mapNodeOpts.getTerrainOptions().loadingPolicy().mapLoadingThreadsPerCore() = 1;
    //mapNodeOpts.getTerrainOptions().loadingPolicy().numLoadingThreads() = 1;
    //mapNodeOpts.getTerrainOptions().loadingPolicy().numCompileThreadsPerCore() = 1;
    //mapNodeOpts.getTerrainOptions().loadingPolicy().numCompileThreads() = 1;
    osgEarth::MapNode *mapNode = new osgEarth::MapNode(map, mapNodeOpts);
    _mapNode = mapNode;
    if (_map->isGeocentric()) {
        osgEarth::DateTime now;
#if OSGEARTH_MIN_VERSION_REQUIRED(2, 5, 1)
        TRACE("Creating SkyNode");
        osgEarth::Drivers::SimpleSky::SimpleSkyOptions skyOpts;
        skyOpts.hours() = now.hours();
        skyOpts.ambient() = 0.2f;
        skyOpts.atmosphericLighting() = true;
        skyOpts.exposure() = 3.0;
        osgEarth::Util::SkyNode *sky = osgEarth::Util::SkyNode::create(skyOpts, mapNode);
        sky->addChild(mapNode);
        sky->attach(_viewer.get(), 0);
        _sceneRoot = sky;
#else
        _sceneRoot = new osg::Group();
        _sceneRoot->addChild(_mapNode.get());

        TRACE("Creating SkyNode");
        osgEarth::Util::SkyNode *sky = new osgEarth::Util::SkyNode(map);
        _sceneRoot->addChild(sky);
        sky->setAmbientBrightness(0.2f);
        sky->setDateTime(now);
        sky->attach(_viewer.get(), 0);
#endif
    } else {
        _sceneRoot = new osg::Group();
        _sceneRoot->addChild(_mapNode.get());
    }

    if (_clipPlaneCullCallback.valid()) {
        _viewer->getCamera()->removeCullCallback(_clipPlaneCullCallback.get());
        _clipPlaneCullCallback = NULL;
    }
    if (_map->isGeocentric()) {
        _clipPlaneCullCallback = new osgEarth::Util::AutoClipPlaneCullCallback(mapNode);
        _viewer->getCamera()->addCullCallback(_clipPlaneCullCallback.get());
    }
    _viewer->setSceneData(_sceneRoot.get());
    if (_mouseCoordsTool.valid()) {
        initMouseCoordsTool();
    }
    initControls();
    //_viewer->setSceneData(_sceneRoot.get());
    initEarthManipulator();
    _viewer->home();

    finalizeViewer();
    _needsRedraw = true;
}

void Renderer::clearMap()
{
    if (_map.valid()) {
        _map->clear();
        _needsRedraw = true;
    }
}

void Renderer::setLighting(bool state)
{
    if (_mapNode.valid()) {
        TRACE("Setting lighting: %d", state ? 1 : 0);
        _mapNode->getOrCreateStateSet()
            ->setMode(GL_LIGHTING, state ? 1 : 0);
        _needsRedraw = true;
    }
}

void Renderer::setViewerLightType(osg::View::LightingMode mode)
{
    if (_viewer.valid()) {
        _viewer->setLightingMode(mode);
        _needsRedraw = true;
    }
}

void Renderer::setTerrainVerticalScale(double scale)
{
    if (_mapNode.valid()) {
        if (!_verticalScale.valid()) {
            _verticalScale = new osgEarth::Util::VerticalScale;
            _mapNode->getTerrainEngine()->addEffect(_verticalScale);
        }
        _verticalScale->setScale(scale);
        _needsRedraw = true;
    }
}

void Renderer::setTerrainLighting(bool state)
{
#if 1
    if (!_mapNode.valid()) {
        ERROR("No map node");
        return;
    }
    // XXX: HACK alert
    // Find the terrain engine container (might be above one or more decorators)
    osg::Group *group = _mapNode->getTerrainEngine();
    while (group->getParent(0) != NULL && group->getParent(0) != _mapNode.get()) {
        group = group->getParent(0);
    }
    if (group != NULL && group->getParent(0) == _mapNode.get()) {
        TRACE("Setting terrain lighting: %d", state ? 1 : 0);
        if (group->getOrCreateStateSet()->getUniform("oe_mode_GL_LIGHTING") != NULL) {
            group->getStateSet()->getUniform("oe_mode_GL_LIGHTING")->set(state);
        } else {
            ERROR("Can't get terrain lighting uniform");
        }
    } else {
        ERROR("Can't find terrain engine container");
    }
#else
    if (_stateManip.valid()) {
        _stateManip->setLightingEnabled(state);
    }
#endif
    _needsRedraw = true;
}

void Renderer::setTerrainWireframe(bool state)
{
    if (!_map.valid()) {
        ERROR("No map");
        return;
    }
#if 0
    if (!_mapNode.valid()) {
        ERROR("No map node");
        return;
    }
    TRACE("Setting terrain wireframe: %d", state ? 1 : 0);
    osg::StateSet *state = _mapNode->getOrCreateStateSet();
    osg::PolygonMode *pmode = dynamic_cast< osg::PolygonMode* >(state->getAttribute(osg::StateAttribute::POLYGONMODE));
    if (pmode == NULL) {
        pmode = new osg::PolygonMode;
        state->setAttribute(pmode);
    }
    if (state) {
        pmode->setMode(osg::PolygonMode::FRONT_AND_BACK, osg::PolygonMode::LINE);
    } else {
        pmode->setMode(osg::PolygonMode::FRONT_AND_BACK, osg::PolygonMode::FILL);
    }
    _needsRedraw = true;
#else
    if (_stateManip.valid()) {
        _stateManip->setPolygonMode(state ? osg::PolygonMode::LINE : osg::PolygonMode::FILL);
        _needsRedraw = true;
    }
#endif
}

void Renderer::saveNamedViewpoint(const char *name)
{
    _viewpoints[name] = getViewpoint();
}

bool Renderer::removeNamedViewpoint(const char *name)
{
    ViewpointHashmap::iterator itr = _viewpoints.find(name);
    if (itr != _viewpoints.end()) {
        _viewpoints.erase(name);
        return true;
    } else {
        ERROR("Unknown viewpoint: '%s'", name);
        return false;
    }
}

bool Renderer::restoreNamedViewpoint(const char *name, double durationSecs)
{
    ViewpointHashmap::iterator itr = _viewpoints.find(name);
    if (itr != _viewpoints.end()) {
        setViewpoint(itr->second, durationSecs);
        return true;
    } else {
        ERROR("Unknown viewpoint: '%s'", name);
        return false;
    }
}

void Renderer::setViewpoint(const osgEarth::Viewpoint& v, double durationSecs)
{
    if (_manipulator.valid()) {
        TRACE("Setting viewpoint: %g %g %g %g %g %g",
              v.x(), v.y(), v.z(), v.getHeading(), v.getPitch(), v.getRange());
        _manipulator->setViewpoint(v, durationSecs);
        _needsRedraw = true;
    } else {
        ERROR("No manipulator");
    }
}

osgEarth::Viewpoint Renderer::getViewpoint()
{
    if (_manipulator.valid()) {
        return _manipulator->getViewpoint();
    } else {
        // Uninitialized, invalid viewpoint
        return osgEarth::Viewpoint();
    }
}

static void srsInfo(const osgEarth::SpatialReference *srs)
{
    TRACE("SRS: %s", srs->getName().c_str());
    TRACE("horiz: \"%s\" vert: \"%s\"", srs->getHorizInitString().c_str(), srs->getVertInitString().c_str());
    TRACE("geographic: %d geodetic: %d projected: %d ecef: %d mercator: %d spherical mercator: %d northpolar: %d southpolar: %d userdefined: %d contiguous: %d cube: %d ltp: %d plate_carre: %d",
          srs->isGeographic() ? 1 : 0,
          srs->isGeodetic() ? 1 : 0,
          srs->isProjected() ? 1 : 0,
          srs->isECEF() ? 1 : 0,
          srs->isMercator() ? 1 : 0,
          srs->isSphericalMercator() ? 1 : 0,
          srs->isNorthPolar() ? 1 : 0,
          srs->isSouthPolar() ? 1 : 0,
          srs->isUserDefined() ? 1 : 0,
          srs->isContiguous() ? 1 : 0,
          srs->isCube() ? 1 : 0,
          srs->isLTP() ? 1 : 0,
          srs->isPlateCarre() ? 1 : 0);
}

bool Renderer::getWorldCoords(const osgEarth::GeoPoint& mapPt, osg::Vec3d *world)
{
    if (!_mapNode.valid() || _mapNode->getTerrain() == NULL) {
        ERROR("No map");
        return false;
    }
    TRACE("Input SRS:");
    srsInfo(mapPt.getSRS());
    TRACE("Map SRS:");
    srsInfo(_mapNode->getMapSRS());
    bool ret = mapPt.toWorld(*world, _mapNode->getTerrain());
    TRACE("In: %g,%g,%g Out: %g,%g,%g",
          mapPt.x(), mapPt.y(), mapPt.z(),
          world->x(), world->y(), world->z());
    return ret;
}

bool Renderer::worldToScreen(const osg::Vec3d& world, osg::Vec3d *screen, bool invertY)
{
    if (!_viewer.valid()) {
        ERROR("No viewer");
        return false;
    }
    osg::Camera *cam = _viewer->getCamera();
    osg::Matrixd MVP = cam->getViewMatrix() * cam->getProjectionMatrix();
    // Get clip coords
    osg::Vec4d pt;
    pt = osg::Vec4d(world, 1.0) * MVP;
    // Clip
    if (pt.x() < -pt.w() ||
        pt.x() > pt.w() ||
        pt.y() < -pt.w() ||
        pt.y() > pt.w() ||
        pt.z() < -pt.w() ||
        pt.z() > pt.w()) {
        // Outside frustum
        TRACE("invalid pt: %g,%g,%g,%g", pt.x(), pt.y(), pt.z(), pt.w());
        return false;
    }
    TRACE("clip pt: %g,%g,%g,%g", pt.x(), pt.y(), pt.z(), pt.w());
    // Perspective divide: now NDC
    pt /= pt.w();
    const osg::Viewport *viewport = cam->getViewport();
#if 1
    screen->x() = viewport->x() + viewport->width() * 0.5 + pt.x() * viewport->width() * 0.5;
    screen->y() = viewport->y() + viewport->height() * 0.5 + pt.y() * viewport->height() * 0.5;
    //double near = 0;
    //double far = 1;
    //screen->z() = (far + near) * 0.5 + (far - near) * 0.5 * pt.z();
    screen->z() = 0.5 + 0.5 * pt.z();
#else
    *screen = osg::Vec3d(pt.x(), pt.y(), pt.z()) * cam->getViewport()->computeWindowMatrix();
#endif
    if (invertY) {
        screen->y() = viewport->height() - screen->y();
    }
    TRACE("screen: %g,%g,%g", screen->x(), screen->y(), screen->z());
    return true;
}

bool Renderer::worldToScreen(std::vector<osg::Vec3d>& coords, bool invertY)
{
    if (!_viewer.valid()) {
        ERROR("No viewer");
        return false;
    }
    osg::Camera *cam = _viewer->getCamera();
    osg::Matrixd MVP = cam->getViewMatrix() * cam->getProjectionMatrix();
    const osg::Viewport *viewport = cam->getViewport();
    for (std::vector<osg::Vec3d>::iterator itr = coords.begin();
         itr != coords.end(); ++itr) {
        // Get clip coords
        osg::Vec4d pt;
        pt = osg::Vec4d(*itr, 1.0) * MVP;
        // Clip
        if (pt.x() < -pt.w() ||
            pt.x() > pt.w() ||
            pt.y() < -pt.w() ||
            pt.y() > pt.w() ||
            pt.z() < -pt.w() ||
            pt.z() > pt.w()) {
            // Outside frustum
            TRACE("invalid pt: %g,%g,%g,%g", pt.x(), pt.y(), pt.z(), pt.w());
            itr->set(std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(),
                     std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(),
                     std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
            continue;
        }
        TRACE("clip pt: %g,%g,%g,%g", pt.x(), pt.y(), pt.z(), pt.w());
        // Perspective divide: now NDC
        pt /= pt.w();
#if 1
        itr->x() = viewport->x() + viewport->width() * 0.5 + pt.x() * viewport->width() * 0.5;
        itr->y() = viewport->y() + viewport->height() * 0.5 + pt.y() * viewport->height() * 0.5;
        //double near = 0;
        //double far = 1;
        //itr->z() = (far + near) * 0.5 + (far - near) * 0.5 * pt.z();
        itr->z() = 0.5 + 0.5 * pt.z();
#else
        *itr = osg::Vec3d(pt.x(), pt.y(), pt.z()) * viewport->computeWindowMatrix();
#endif
        if (invertY) {
            itr->y() = viewport->height() - itr->y();
        }
        TRACE("screen: %g,%g,%g", itr->x(), itr->y(), itr->z());
    }
    return true;
}

/**
 * \brief Map screen mouse coordinates to map coordinates
 *
 * This method assumes that mouse Y coordinates are 0 at the top
 * of the screen and increase going down if invertY is set, and 
 * 0 at the bottom and increase going up otherwise.
 */
bool Renderer::mapMouseCoords(float mouseX, float mouseY,
                              osgEarth::GeoPoint& map, bool invertY)
{
    if (!_mapNode.valid() || _mapNode->getTerrain() == NULL) {
        ERROR("No map");
        return false;
    }
    if (!_viewer.valid()) {
        ERROR("No viewer");
        return false;
    }
    if (invertY) {
        mouseY = ((float)_windowHeight - mouseY);
    }
    osg::Vec3d world;
    if (_mapNode->getTerrain()->getWorldCoordsUnderMouse(_viewer->asView(), mouseX, mouseY, world)) {
        map.fromWorld(getMapSRS(), world);
        return true;
    }
    return false;
}

bool Renderer::addImageLayer(const char *name,
                             osgEarth::TileSourceOptions& opts,
                             bool makeShared,
                             bool visible)
{
    if (!_map.valid()) {
        ERROR("No map");
        return false;
    }
    TRACE("layer: %s", name);
    if (!opts.tileSize().isSet()) {
        opts.tileSize() = 256;
    }
    osgEarth::ImageLayerOptions layerOpts(name, opts);
#if OSGEARTH_MIN_VERSION_REQUIRED(2, 5, 1)
    layerOpts.textureCompression() = osg::Texture::USE_IMAGE_DATA_FORMAT;
#endif
    if (makeShared) {
        layerOpts.shared() = true;
    }
    if (!visible) {
        layerOpts.visible() = false;
    }
    osg::ref_ptr<osgEarth::ImageLayer> layer = new osgEarth::ImageLayer(layerOpts);
    _map->addImageLayer(layer.get());
    if (layer->getTileSource() == NULL || !layer->getTileSource()->isOK()) {
        ERROR("Failed to add image layer: %s", name);
        _map->removeImageLayer(layer.get());
        return false;
    }
    _needsRedraw = true;
    return true;
}

void Renderer::addColorFilter(const char *name,
                              const char *shader)
{
    if (!_map.valid()) {
        ERROR("No map");
        return;
    }
    osgEarth::ImageLayer *layer = _map->getImageLayerByName(name);
    if (layer == NULL) {
        TRACE("Image layer not found: %s", name);
        return;
    }
    osgEarth::Util::GLSLColorFilter *filter = new osgEarth::Util::GLSLColorFilter;
    filter->setCode(shader);
    //filter->setCode("color.rgb = color.r > 0.5 ? vec3(1.0) : vec3(0.0);");
    layer->addColorFilter(filter);
    _needsRedraw = true;
}

void Renderer::removeColorFilter(const char *name, int idx)
{
    if (!_map.valid()) {
        ERROR("No map");
        return;
    }
    osgEarth::ImageLayer *layer = _map->getImageLayerByName(name);
    if (layer == NULL) {
        TRACE("Image layer not found: %s", name);
        return;
    }
    if (idx < 0) {
        while (!layer->getColorFilters().empty()) {
            layer->removeColorFilter(layer->getColorFilters()[0]);
        }
    } else {
        layer->removeColorFilter(layer->getColorFilters().at(idx));
    }
    _needsRedraw = true;
}

void Renderer::removeImageLayer(const char *name)
{
    if (!_map.valid()) {
        ERROR("No map");
        return;
    }
    osgEarth::ImageLayer *layer = _map->getImageLayerByName(name);
    if (layer != NULL) {
        _map->removeImageLayer(layer);
        _needsRedraw = true;
    } else {
        TRACE("Image layer not found: %s", name);
    }
}

void Renderer::moveImageLayer(const char *name, unsigned int pos)
{
    if (!_map.valid()) {
        ERROR("No map");
        return;
    }
    osgEarth::ImageLayer *layer = _map->getImageLayerByName(name);
    if (layer != NULL) {
        _map->moveImageLayer(layer, pos);
        _needsRedraw = true;
    } else {
        TRACE("Image layer not found: %s", name);
    }
}

void Renderer::setImageLayerOpacity(const char *name, double opacity)
{
    if (!_map.valid()) {
        ERROR("No map");
        return;
    }
    osgEarth::ImageLayer *layer = _map->getImageLayerByName(name);
    if (layer != NULL) {
        layer->setOpacity(opacity);
        _needsRedraw = true;
    } else {
        TRACE("Image layer not found: %s", name);
    }
}

void Renderer::setImageLayerVisibility(const char *name, bool state)
{
#if OSGEARTH_MIN_VERSION_REQUIRED(2, 4, 0)
    if (!_map.valid()) {
        ERROR("No map");
        return;
    }
    osgEarth::ImageLayer *layer = _map->getImageLayerByName(name);
    if (layer != NULL) {
        layer->setVisible(state);
        _needsRedraw = true;
    } else {
        TRACE("Image layer not found: %s", name);
    }
#endif
}

void Renderer::addElevationLayer(const char *name,
                                 osgEarth::TileSourceOptions& opts)
{
    if (!_map.valid()) {
        ERROR("No map");
        return;
    }
    TRACE("layer: %s", name);
    if (!opts.tileSize().isSet()) {
        opts.tileSize() = 15;
    }
    osgEarth::ElevationLayerOptions layerOpts(name, opts);
    // XXX: GDAL does not report vertical datum, it should be specified here
    // Common options: geodetic (default), egm96, egm84, egm2008
    //layerOpts.verticalDatum() = "egm96";
    _map->addElevationLayer(new osgEarth::ElevationLayer(layerOpts));
    _needsRedraw = true;
}

void Renderer::removeElevationLayer(const char *name)
{
    if (!_map.valid()) {
        ERROR("No map");
        return;
    }
    osgEarth::ElevationLayer *layer = _map->getElevationLayerByName(name);
    if (layer != NULL) {
        _map->removeElevationLayer(layer);
        _needsRedraw = true;
    } else {
        TRACE("Elevation layer not found: %s", name);
    }
}

void Renderer::moveElevationLayer(const char *name, unsigned int pos)
{
    if (!_map.valid()) {
        ERROR("No map");
        return;
    }
    osgEarth::ElevationLayer *layer = _map->getElevationLayerByName(name);
    if (layer != NULL) {
        _map->moveElevationLayer(layer, pos);
        _needsRedraw = true;
    } else {
        TRACE("Elevation layer not found: %s", name);
    }
}

void Renderer::setElevationLayerVisibility(const char *name, bool state)
{
#if OSGEARTH_MIN_VERSION_REQUIRED(2, 4, 0)
    if (!_map.valid()) {
        ERROR("No map");
        return;
    }
    osgEarth::ElevationLayer *layer = _map->getElevationLayerByName(name);
    if (layer != NULL) {
        layer->setVisible(state);
        _needsRedraw = true;
    } else {
        TRACE("Elevation layer not found: %s", name);
    }
#endif
}

void Renderer::addPlaceNode(double latitude, double longitude, char *labelText)
{
    if (!_mapNode.valid()) {
        ERROR("No map node");
        return;
    }
    if (!_annotations.valid()) {
        _annotations = new osg::Group();
        _sceneRoot->addChild(_annotations.get());
        _placeNodes = new osg::Group();
        osgEarth::Decluttering::setEnabled(_placeNodes->getOrCreateStateSet(), true);
        _annotations->addChild(_placeNodes.get());
    }

    const osgEarth::SpatialReference* geoSRS = _mapNode->getMapSRS()->getGeographicSRS();

    osgEarth::Symbology::Style pin;
    pin.getOrCreate<osgEarth::Symbology::IconSymbol>()->url()->setLiteral(getPinIcon());
    osgEarth::Annotation::AnnotationNode *anno = new osgEarth::Annotation::PlaceNode(_mapNode, osgEarth::GeoPoint(geoSRS, longitude, latitude), labelText, pin);
    _placeNodes->addChild(anno);
    osgEarth::Annotation::DecorationInstaller
        highlightInstaller("hover", new osgEarth::Annotation::HighlightDecoration());
    _annotations->accept(highlightInstaller);
    // scale labels when hovering:
    osgEarth::Annotation::DecorationInstaller
        scaleInstaller("hover", new osgEarth::Annotation::ScaleDecoration(1.1f));
    _placeNodes->accept(scaleInstaller);
    _needsRedraw = true;
}

void Renderer::hoverPlaceNode(int x, int y, bool invertY)
{
    osgEarth::Picker picker(_viewer.get(), _placeNodes.get());
    osgEarth::Picker::Hits hits;
    float mouseX = (float)x;
    float mouseY = (float)y;
    if (invertY) {
        mouseY = ((float)_windowHeight - mouseY);
    }
    std::set<osgEarth::Annotation::AnnotationNode*> toUnHover;
    for (std::set<osgEarth::Annotation::AnnotationNode*>::iterator itr = _hovered.begin();
         itr != _hovered.end(); ++itr) {
        toUnHover.insert(*itr);
    }
    if (picker.pick(mouseX, mouseY, hits)) {
        TRACE("Picker hit!");
        for (osgEarth::Picker::Hits::const_iterator hitr = hits.begin();
             hitr != hits.end(); ++hitr) {
            osgEarth::Annotation::AnnotationNode *anno =
                picker.getNode<osgEarth::Annotation::AnnotationNode>(*hitr);
            if (anno != NULL) {
                if (_hovered.find(anno) == _hovered.end()) {
                    _hovered.insert(anno);
                    anno->setDecoration("hover");
                    _needsRedraw = true;
                }
                toUnHover.erase(anno);
            }
        }
    }
    for (std::set<osgEarth::Annotation::AnnotationNode *>::iterator itr = toUnHover.begin();
         itr != toUnHover.end(); ++itr) {
        _hovered.erase(*itr);
        (*itr)->clearDecoration();
        _needsRedraw = true;
    }
}

void Renderer::deletePlaceNode(int x, int y, bool invertY)
{
    osgEarth::Picker picker(_viewer.get(), _placeNodes.get());
    osgEarth::Picker::Hits hits;
    float mouseX = (float)x;
    float mouseY = (float)y;
    if (invertY) {
        mouseY = ((float)_windowHeight - mouseY);
    }
    if (picker.pick(mouseX, mouseY, hits)) {
        TRACE("Picker hit!");
        // prevent multiple hits on the same instance
        std::set<osgEarth::Annotation::AnnotationNode *> fired;
        for (osgEarth::Picker::Hits::const_iterator hitr = hits.begin();
             hitr != hits.end(); ++hitr) {
            osgEarth::Annotation::AnnotationNode *anno =
                picker.getNode<osgEarth::Annotation::AnnotationNode>(*hitr);
            if (anno != NULL && fired.find(anno) == fired.end()) {
                fired.insert(anno);
                _needsRedraw = true;
            }
        }
        for (std::set<osgEarth::Annotation::AnnotationNode *>::iterator itr = fired.begin();
             itr != fired.end(); ++itr) {
            (*itr)->clearDecoration();
            _placeNodes->removeChild(*itr);
            if (_hovered.find(*itr) != _hovered.end()) {
                _hovered.erase(*itr);
            }
        }
    } else {
        TRACE("NO Picker hits");
    }
}

void Renderer::addModelLayer(const char *name, osgEarth::ModelSourceOptions& opts)
{
    if (!_map.valid()) {
        ERROR("No map");
        return;
    }
    TRACE("layer: %s", name);
    osgEarth::ModelLayerOptions layerOpts(name, opts);
    _map->addModelLayer(new osgEarth::ModelLayer(layerOpts));
    _needsRedraw = true;
}

void Renderer::removeModelLayer(const char *name)
{
    if (!_map.valid()) {
        ERROR("No map");
        return;
    }
    osgEarth::ModelLayer *layer = _map->getModelLayerByName(name);
    if (layer != NULL) {
        _map->removeModelLayer(layer);
        _needsRedraw = true;
    } else {
        TRACE("Model layer not found: %s", name);
    }
}

void Renderer::moveModelLayer(const char *name, unsigned int pos)
{
    if (!_map.valid()) {
        ERROR("No map");
        return;
    }
    osgEarth::ModelLayer *layer = _map->getModelLayerByName(name);
    if (layer != NULL) {
        _map->moveModelLayer(layer, pos);
        _needsRedraw = true;
    } else {
        TRACE("Model layer not found: %s", name);
    }
}

void Renderer::setModelLayerOpacity(const char *name, double opacity)
{
#if OSGEARTH_MIN_VERSION_REQUIRED(2, 5, 0)
    if (!_map.valid()) {
        ERROR("No map");
        return;
    }
    osgEarth::ModelLayer *layer = _map->getModelLayerByName(name);
    if (layer != NULL) {
        layer->setOpacity(opacity);
        _needsRedraw = true;
    } else {
        TRACE("Model layer not found: %s", name);
    }
#endif
}

void Renderer::setModelLayerVisibility(const char *name, bool state)
{
#if OSGEARTH_MIN_VERSION_REQUIRED(2, 4, 0)
    if (!_map.valid()) {
        ERROR("No map");
        return;
    }
    osgEarth::ModelLayer *layer = _map->getModelLayerByName(name);
    if (layer != NULL) {
        layer->setVisible(state);
        _needsRedraw = true;
    } else {
        TRACE("Model layer not found: %s", name);
    }
#endif
}

/**
 * \brief Resize the render window (image size for renderings)
 */
void Renderer::setWindowSize(int width, int height)
{
    if (_windowWidth == width &&
        _windowHeight == height) {
        TRACE("No change");
        return;
    }

    TRACE("Setting window size to %dx%d", width, height);

    double origBitrate = getMaximumBitrate();

    _windowWidth = width;
    _windowHeight = height;

    setMaximumBitrate(origBitrate);
    TRACE("Bandwidth target: %.2f Mbps", (float)(getMaximumBitrate()/1.0e6));
    TRACE("Frame rate target: %.2f Hz", (float)getMaximumFrameRateInHertz());

    if (_viewer.valid()) {
#ifdef USE_OFFSCREEN_RENDERING
#ifdef USE_PBUFFER
        osg::ref_ptr<osg::GraphicsContext> pbuffer;
        osg::ref_ptr<osg::GraphicsContext::Traits> traits = new osg::GraphicsContext::Traits;
        traits->x = 0;
        traits->y = 0;
        traits->width = _windowWidth;
        traits->height = _windowHeight;
        traits->red = 8;
        traits->green = 8;
        traits->blue = 8;
        traits->alpha = 8;
        traits->windowDecoration = false;
        traits->pbuffer = true;
        traits->doubleBuffer = true;
        traits->sharedContext = 0;

        pbuffer = osg::GraphicsContext::createGraphicsContext(traits.get());
        if (pbuffer.valid()) {
            TRACE("Pixel buffer has been created successfully.");
        } else {
            ERROR("Pixel buffer has not been created successfully.");
        }
        osg::Camera *camera = new osg::Camera;
        camera->setGraphicsContext(pbuffer.get());
        camera->setViewport(new osg::Viewport(0, 0, _windowWidth, _windowHeight));
        GLenum buffer = pbuffer->getTraits()->doubleBuffer ? GL_BACK : GL_FRONT;
        camera->setDrawBuffer(buffer);
        camera->setReadBuffer(buffer);
        camera->setFinalDrawCallback(_captureCallback.get());
        _viewer->addSlave(camera, osg::Matrixd(), osg::Matrixd());
        _viewer->realize();
#else
        if (_captureCallback.valid()) {
            _captureCallback->getTexture()->setTextureSize(_windowWidth, _windowHeight);
        }
        osgViewer::ViewerBase::Windows windows;
        _viewer->getWindows(windows);
        if (windows.size() == 1) {
            windows[0]->setWindowRectangle(0, 0, _windowWidth, _windowHeight);
        } else {
            ERROR("Num windows: %lu", windows.size());
        }
#endif
#else
        osgViewer::ViewerBase::Windows windows;
        _viewer->getWindows(windows);
        if (windows.size() == 1) {
            windows[0]->setWindowRectangle(0, 0, _windowWidth, _windowHeight);
        } else {
            ERROR("Num windows: %lu", windows.size());
        }
#endif
        // HACK: Without this, the mouse coordinate mapping uses the old size
        // for 1 frame.
        assert(_viewer->getEventQueue() != NULL);
        //TRACE("Window EventQueue: %p", getEventQueue());
        //TRACE("Viewer EventQueue: %p", _viewer->getEventQueue());
        _viewer->getEventQueue()->windowResize(0, 0, _windowWidth, _windowHeight);
        _needsRedraw = true;
    }
}

/**
 * \brief Set the orientation of the camera from a quaternion
 * rotation
 *
 * \param[in] quat A quaternion with scalar part first: w,x,y,z
 * \param[in] absolute Is rotation absolute or relative?
 */
void Renderer::setCameraOrientation(const double quat[4], bool absolute)
{
    if (_manipulator.valid()) {
        _manipulator->setRotation(osg::Quat(quat[1], quat[2], quat[3], quat[0]));
        _needsRedraw = true;
    }
}

/**
 * \brief Reset pan, zoom, clipping planes and optionally rotation
 *
 * \param[in] resetOrientation Reset the camera rotation/orientation also
 */
void Renderer::resetCamera(bool resetOrientation)
{
    TRACE("Enter: resetOrientation=%d", resetOrientation ? 1 : 0);
    if (_viewer.valid()) {
        _viewer->home();
        _needsRedraw = true;
    }
}

/**
 * \brief Perform a 2D translation of the camera
 *
 * x,y pan amount are specified as signed absolute pan amount in viewport
 * units -- i.e. 0 is no pan, .5 is half the viewport, 2 is twice the viewport,
 * etc.
 *
 * \param[in] x Viewport coordinate horizontal panning (positive number pans
 * camera left, object right)
 * \param[in] y Viewport coordinate vertical panning (positive number pans 
 * camera up, object down)
 */
void Renderer::panCamera(double x, double y)
{
    TRACE("Enter: %g %g", x, y);

    if (_manipulator.valid()) {
        // Wants mouse delta x,y in normalized screen coords
        _manipulator->pan(x, y);
        _needsRedraw = true;
    }
}

void Renderer::rotateCamera(double x, double y)
{
    TRACE("Enter: %g %g", x, y);

    if (_manipulator.valid()) {
        _manipulator->rotate(x, y);
        _needsRedraw = true;
    }
}

/**
 * \brief Dolly camera or set orthographic scaling based on camera type
 *
 * \param[in] y Mouse y coordinate in normalized screen coords
 */
void Renderer::zoomCamera(double y)
{
    TRACE("Enter: y: %g", y);

    if (_manipulator.valid()) {
        TRACE("camDist: %g", _manipulator->getDistance());
        // FIXME: zoom here wants y mouse coords in normalized viewport coords
#if 1
       _manipulator->zoom(0, y);
#else
        double dist = _manipulator->getDistance();
        dist *= (1.0 + y);
        _manipulator->setDistance(dist);
#endif
        _needsRedraw = true;
    }
}

/**
 * \brief Dolly camera to set distance from focal point
 *
 * \param[in] dist distance in map? coordinates
 */
void Renderer::setCameraDistance(double dist)
{
    TRACE("Enter: dist: %g", dist);

    if (_manipulator.valid()) {
        TRACE("camDist: %g", _manipulator->getDistance());

        _manipulator->setDistance(dist);

        _needsRedraw = true;
    }
}

void Renderer::keyPress(int key)
{
    osgGA::EventQueue *queue = getEventQueue();
    if (queue != NULL) {
        queue->keyPress(key);
        _needsRedraw = true;
    }
}

void Renderer::keyRelease(int key)
{
    osgGA::EventQueue *queue = getEventQueue();
    if (queue != NULL) {
        queue->keyRelease(key);
        _needsRedraw = true;
    }
}

void Renderer::setThrowingEnabled(bool state)
{
    if (_manipulator.valid()) {
        _manipulator->getSettings()->setThrowingEnabled(state);
    }
}

void Renderer::mouseDoubleClick(int button, double x, double y)
{
    osgGA::EventQueue *queue = getEventQueue();
    if (queue != NULL) {
        queue->mouseDoubleButtonPress((float)x, (float)y, button);
        _needsRedraw = true;
    }
}

void Renderer::mouseClick(int button, double x, double y)
{
    osgGA::EventQueue *queue = getEventQueue();
    if (queue != NULL) {
        queue->mouseButtonPress((float)x, (float)y, button);
        _needsRedraw = true;
    }
}

void Renderer::mouseDrag(int button, double x, double y)
{
    osgGA::EventQueue *queue = getEventQueue();
    if (queue != NULL) {
        queue->mouseMotion((float)x, (float)y);
        _needsRedraw = true;
    }
}

void Renderer::mouseRelease(int button, double x, double y)
{
    osgGA::EventQueue *queue = getEventQueue();
    if (queue != NULL) {
        queue->mouseButtonRelease((float)x, (float)y, button);
        _needsRedraw = true;
    }
}

void Renderer::mouseMotion(double x, double y)
{
    if (_mouseCoordsTool.valid()) {
#if 1
        osgGA::EventQueue *queue = getEventQueue();
        if (queue != NULL) {
            queue->mouseMotion((float)x, (float)y);
            _needsRedraw = true;
        }
#else
        if (_viewer.valid() && _coordsCallback.valid()) {
            osgEarth::GeoPoint mapPt;
            if (mapMouseCoords((float)x, (float)y, mapPt)) {
                _coordsCallback->set(mapPt, _viewer->asView(), _mapNode);
            } else {
                _coordsCallback->reset(_viewer->asView(), _mapNode);
            }
            _needsRedraw = true;
        }
#endif
    }
}

void Renderer::mouseScroll(int direction)
{
    osgGA::EventQueue *queue = getEventQueue();
    if (queue != NULL) {
        queue->mouseScroll((direction > 0 ? osgGA::GUIEventAdapter::SCROLL_UP : osgGA::GUIEventAdapter::SCROLL_DOWN));
        _needsRedraw = true;
    }
}

/**
 * \brief Set the RGB background color to render into the image
 */
void Renderer::setBackgroundColor(float color[3])
{
    _bgColor[0] = color[0];
    _bgColor[1] = color[1];
    _bgColor[2] = color[2];

    if (_viewer.valid()) {
        _viewer->getCamera()->setClearColor(osg::Vec4(color[0], color[1], color[2], 1));

        _needsRedraw = true;
    }
}

/**
 * \brief Sets flag to trigger rendering next time render() is called
 */
void Renderer::eventuallyRender()
{
    _needsRedraw = true;
}

/**
 * \brief Get a timeout in usecs for select()
 * 
 * If the paging thread is idle, returns <0 indicating that the
 * select call can block until data is available.  Otherwise,
 * if the frame render time was faster than the target frame 
 * rate, return the remaining frame time.
 */
long Renderer::getTimeout()
{
    if (!checkNeedToDoFrame())
        // <0 means no timeout, block until socket has data
        return -1L;
    if (_lastFrameTime < _minFrameTime) {
        return (long)1.0e6*(_minFrameTime - _lastFrameTime);
    } else {
        // No timeout (poll)
        return 0L;
    }
}

/**
 * \brief Check if paging thread is quiescent
 */
bool Renderer::isPagerIdle()
{
    if (!_viewer.valid())
        return true;
    else
        return (!_viewer->getDatabasePager()->requiresUpdateSceneGraph() &&
                !_viewer->getDatabasePager()->getRequestsInProgress());
}

/**
 * \brief Check is frame call is necessary to render and/or update
 * in response to events or timed actions
 */
bool Renderer::checkNeedToDoFrame()
{
    return (_needsRedraw ||
            (_viewer.valid() && _viewer->checkNeedToDoFrame()));
}

/**
 * \brief MapNode event phase
 *
 * This is called by the MapNode's event callback during the event
 * traversal of the viewer
 */
void Renderer::mapNodeUpdate()
{
    computeMapScale();
}

void Renderer::markFrameStart()
{
    _startFrameTime = osg::Timer::instance()->tick();
}

void Renderer::markFrameEnd()
{
    osg::Timer_t endFrameTick = osg::Timer::instance()->tick();
    _lastFrameTime = osg::Timer::instance()->delta_s(_startFrameTime, endFrameTick);
    if (_lastFrameTime > _minFrameTime) {
        ERROR("BROKE FRAME by %.2f msec", (_lastFrameTime - _minFrameTime)*1000.0f);
    } else {
        TRACE("Frame time: %.2f msec", _lastFrameTime*1000.0f);
    }
#ifdef USE_THROTTLING_SLEEP
    if (_lastFrameTime < _minFrameTime) {
        TRACE("Sleeping for %.2f msec", (_minFrameTime - _lastFrameTime)*1000.0f);
        OpenThreads::Thread::microSleep(static_cast<unsigned int>(1000000.0*(_minFrameTime - _lastFrameTime)));
    }
#endif
}

/**
 * \brief Cause the rendering to render a new image if needed
 *
 * The _needsRedraw flag indicates if a state change has occured since
 * the last rendered frame
 */
bool Renderer::render()
{
    if (_viewer.valid() && checkNeedToDoFrame()) {
        TRACE("Enter needsRedraw=%d",  _needsRedraw ? 1 : 0);
        _renderStartTime = osg::Timer::instance()->tick();
        TRACE("Before frame()");
        _viewer->frame();
        TRACE("After frame()");
        _renderStopTime = osg::Timer::instance()->tick();
        _renderTime = osg::Timer::instance()->delta_s(_renderStartTime, _renderStopTime);
        TRACE("Render time: %g msec", _renderTime * 1000.0);
#ifndef SLEEP_AFTER_QUEUE_FRAME
        _lastFrameTime = _renderTime;
#ifdef USE_THROTTLING_SLEEP
        if (_lastFrameTime < _minFrameTime) {
            TRACE("Sleeping for %.2f msec", (_minFrameTime - _lastFrameTime)*1000.0f);
            OpenThreads::Thread::microSleep(static_cast<unsigned int>(1.0e6*(_minFrameTime - _lastFrameTime)));
        }
#endif
#endif
#ifdef WANT_TRACE
        if (_viewer->getViewerStats() != NULL) {
            _viewer->getViewerStats()->report(std::cerr, _viewer->getViewerStats()->getLatestFrameNumber());
        }
#endif
        _needsRedraw = false;
        return true;
    } else {
        _renderStartTime = _renderStopTime = osg::Timer::instance()->tick();
        _renderTime = 0;
        return false;
    }
}

/**
 * \brief Read back the rendered framebuffer image
 */
osg::Image *Renderer::getRenderedFrame()
{
    if (_captureCallback.valid())
        return _captureCallback->getImage();
    else
        return NULL;
}

void Renderer::setScaleBar(bool state)
{
    if (_scaleLabel.valid()) {
        _scaleLabel->setVisible(state);
    }
    if (_scaleBar.valid()) {
        _scaleBar->setVisible(state);
    }
    _needsRedraw = true;
}

void Renderer::setScaleBarUnits(ScaleBarUnits units)
{
    _scaleBarUnits = units;
    _needsRedraw = true;
}

/**
 * \brief Compute the scale ratio of the map based on a horizontal center line
 *
 * The idea here is to take 2 screen points on a horizontal line in the center
 * of the screen and convert to lat/long.  The lat/long coordinates are then
 * used to compute the great circle distance (assuming spherical earth) between 
 * the points.
 *
 * We could use local projected map coordinates for the distance computation,
 * which would be faster; however, this would not show e.g. the change in 
 * scale at different latitudes
 */
double Renderer::computeMapScale()
{
    if (!_scaleLabel.valid() || !_scaleLabel->visible()) {
        return -1.0;
    }
    if (!_mapNode.valid() || _mapNode->getTerrain() == NULL) {
        ERROR("No map");
        return -1.0;
    }
    if (!_viewer.valid()) {
        ERROR("No viewer");
        return -1.0;
    }

    double x, y;
    double pixelWidth = _windowWidth * 0.1 * 2.0;
    if (pixelWidth < 10)
        pixelWidth = 10;
    if (pixelWidth > 150)
        pixelWidth = 150;
    x = (double)(_windowWidth -1)/2.0 - pixelWidth / 2.0;
    y = (double)(_windowHeight-1)/2.0;

    osg::Vec3d world1, world2;
    if (!_mapNode->getTerrain()->getWorldCoordsUnderMouse(_viewer->asView(), x, y, world1)) {
        // off map
        TRACE("Off map coords: %g %g", x, y);
        _scaleLabel->setText("");
        _scaleBar->setWidth(0);
        return -1.0;
    }
    x += pixelWidth;
    if (!_mapNode->getTerrain()->getWorldCoordsUnderMouse(_viewer->asView(), x, y, world2)) {
        // off map
        TRACE("Off map coords: %g %g", x, y);
        _scaleLabel->setText("");
        _scaleBar->setWidth(0);
        return -1.0;
    }

    TRACE("w1: %g %g %g w2: %g %g %g",
          world1.x(), world1.y(), world1.z(),
          world2.x(), world2.y(), world2.z());

    double meters;
    double radius = 6378137.0;
    if (_mapNode->getMapSRS() &&
        _mapNode->getMapSRS()->getEllipsoid()) {
        radius = _mapNode->getMapSRS()->getEllipsoid()->getRadiusEquator();
    }
    if (!_map->isGeocentric() &&
        _mapNode->getMapSRS() &&
        _mapNode->getMapSRS()->isGeographic()) {
        TRACE("Map is geographic");
        // World cords are already lat/long
        // Compute great circle distance
        meters =
            osgEarth::GeoMath::distance(world1, world2, _mapNode->getMapSRS());
    } else if (_mapNode->getMapSRS()) {
        // Get map coords in lat/long
        osgEarth::GeoPoint mapPoint1, mapPoint2;
        mapPoint1.fromWorld(_mapNode->getMapSRS(), world1);
        mapPoint1.makeGeographic();
        mapPoint2.fromWorld(_mapNode->getMapSRS(), world2);
        mapPoint2.makeGeographic();
        // Compute great circle distance
        meters =
            osgEarth::GeoMath::distance(osg::DegreesToRadians(mapPoint1.y()),
                                        osg::DegreesToRadians(mapPoint1.x()),
                                        osg::DegreesToRadians(mapPoint2.y()),
                                        osg::DegreesToRadians(mapPoint2.x()),
                                        radius);
    } else {
        // Assume geocentric?
        ERROR("No map SRS");
        _scaleLabel->setText("");
        _scaleBar->setWidth(0);
        return -1.0;
    }

    double scale = meters / pixelWidth;
    // 1mi = 5280 feet
    //double scaleMiles = scale / 1609.344; // International mile = 1609.344m
    //double scaleNauticalMiles = scale / 1852.0; // nautical mile = 1852m
    //double scaleUSSurveyMiles = scale / 1609.347218694; // US survey mile = 5280 US survey feet
    //double scaleUSSurveyFeet = scale * 3937.0/1200.0; // US survey foot = 1200/3937 m
    TRACE("m: %g px: %g m/px: %g", meters, pixelWidth, scale);
    switch (_scaleBarUnits) {
    case UNITS_NAUTICAL_MILES: {
        double nmi = meters / 1852.0;
        scale = nmi / pixelWidth;
        nmi = normalizeScaleNauticalMiles(nmi);
        pixelWidth = nmi / scale;
        if (_scaleLabel.valid()) {
            _scaleLabel->setText(osgEarth::Stringify()
                                 << nmi
                                 << " nmi");
        }
    }
        break;
    case UNITS_US_SURVEY_FEET: {
        double feet = meters * 3937.0/1200.0;
        scale = feet / pixelWidth;
        feet = normalizeScaleFeet(feet);
        pixelWidth = feet / scale;
        if (_scaleLabel.valid()) {
            if (feet >= 5280) {
                _scaleLabel->setText(osgEarth::Stringify()
                                     << feet / 5280.0
                                     << " miUS");
             } else {
                _scaleLabel->setText(osgEarth::Stringify()
                                     << feet
                                     << " ftUS");
            }
        }
    }
        break;
    case UNITS_INTL_FEET: {
        double feet = 5280.0 * meters / 1609.344;
        scale = feet / pixelWidth;
        feet = normalizeScaleFeet(feet);
        pixelWidth = feet / scale;
        if (_scaleLabel.valid()) {
            if (feet >= 5280) {
                _scaleLabel->setText(osgEarth::Stringify()
                                     << feet / 5280.0
                                     << " mi");
            } else {
                _scaleLabel->setText(osgEarth::Stringify()
                                     << feet
                                     << " ft");
            }
        }
    }
        break;
    case UNITS_METERS:
    default: {
        meters = normalizeScaleMeters(meters);
        pixelWidth = meters / scale;
        if (_scaleLabel.valid()) {
            if (meters >= 1000) {
                _scaleLabel->setText(osgEarth::Stringify()
                                     << meters / 1000.0
                                     << " km");
            } else {
                _scaleLabel->setText(osgEarth::Stringify()
                                     << meters
                                     << " m");
            }
        }
    }
        break;
    }
    if (_scaleBar.valid()) {
        _scaleBar->setWidth(pixelWidth);
    }
    return scale;
}

std::string Renderer::getCanonicalPath(const std::string& url) const
{
    std::string retStr;
    std::string proto = osgDB::getServerProtocol(url);
    if (proto.empty()) {
        retStr = osgDB::getRealPath(url);
        if (!osgDB::fileExists(retStr)) {
            retStr = "";
        }
    } else {
        retStr = url;
    }
    return retStr;
}