source: geovis/trunk/Renderer.cpp @ 6074

/* -*- mode: c++; c-basic-offset: 4; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*- */
/*
 * Copyright (C) 2004-2015  HUBzero Foundation, LLC
 *
 * Author: Leif Delgass <ldelgass@purdue.edu>
 */

#include <cfloat>
#include <cstring>
#include <cassert>
#include <cmath>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cerrno>

#include <limits>
#include <set>
#include <fstream>
#include <sstream>

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h> // For getpid()

#include <GL/gl.h>

#ifdef WANT_TRACE
#include <sys/time.h>
#endif

#include <osgDB/WriteFile>
#include <osgDB/FileUtils>
#include <osgDB/FileNameUtils>
#include <osgGA/StateSetManipulator>
#include <osgGA/GUIEventAdapter>
#include <osgViewer/ViewerEventHandlers>

#include <osgEarth/Version>
#include <osgEarth/Registry>
#include <osgEarth/FileUtils>
#include <osgEarth/Cache>
#include <osgEarth/CachePolicy>
#include <osgEarthDrivers/cache_filesystem/FileSystemCache>
#include <osgEarth/MapNode>
#include <osgEarth/TerrainEngineNode>
#include <osgEarth/Bounds>
#include <osgEarth/Profile>
#include <osgEarth/Viewpoint>
#include <osgEarth/GeoMath>
#include <osgEarth/TerrainLayer>
#include <osgEarth/ImageLayer>
#include <osgEarth/ElevationLayer>
#include <osgEarth/ModelLayer>
#include <osgEarth/DateTime>
#ifdef USE_RTT_PICKER
#include <osgEarthUtil/RTTPicker>
#include <osgEarthFeatures/FeatureIndex>
#else
#include <osgEarth/IntersectionPicker>
#endif
#include <osgEarthUtil/GraticuleNode>
#include <osgEarthFeatures/FeatureModelSource>
#include <osgEarthFeatures/Feature>
#include <osgEarthSymbology/Color>
#include <osgEarthSymbology/Geometry>
#include <osgEarthSymbology/Style>
#include <osgEarthSymbology/StyleSheet>
#include <osgEarthSymbology/IconSymbol>
#include <osgEarthSymbology/LineSymbol>

#include <osgEarthAnnotation/AnnotationNode>
#include <osgEarthAnnotation/FeatureNode>
#include <osgEarthAnnotation/PlaceNode>
#include <osgEarthAnnotation/HighlightDecoration>
#include <osgEarthAnnotation/ScaleDecoration>
#include <osgEarthUtil/EarthManipulator>
#include <osgEarthUtil/Sky>
#include <osgEarthDrivers/sky_simple/SimpleSkyOptions>
#include <osgEarthUtil/AutoClipPlaneHandler>
#include <osgEarthUtil/MouseCoordsTool>
#include <osgEarthUtil/UTMGraticule>
#include <osgEarthUtil/MGRSGraticule>
#include <osgEarthUtil/GeodeticGraticule>
#include <osgEarthUtil/LatLongFormatter>
#include <osgEarthUtil/MGRSFormatter>
#include <osgEarthUtil/GLSLColorFilter>
#include <osgEarthUtil/VerticalScale>
#include <osgEarthDrivers/gdal/GDALOptions>
#include <osgEarthDrivers/engine_mp/MPTerrainEngineOptions>
#ifdef USE_REX
#include <osgEarthDrivers/engine_rex/RexTerrainEngineOptions>
#endif

#include "Renderer.h"
#ifdef USE_RTT_PICKER
#include "Picker.h"
#endif
#include "IData.h"
#include "ColorMap.h"
#if 0
#include "SingleWindow.h"
#endif
#include "ScaleBar.h"
#include "FileUtil.h"
#include "Util.h"
#include "Icons.h"
#include "Trace.h"

#define MSECS_ELAPSED(t1, t2) \
    ((t1).tv_sec == (t2).tv_sec ? (((t2).tv_usec - (t1).tv_usec)/1.0e+3) : \
     (((t2).tv_sec - (t1).tv_sec))*1.0e+3 + (double)((t2).tv_usec - (t1).tv_usec)/1.0e+3)

#ifndef CACHE_DIR
#define CACHE_DIR "/var/cache/geovis"
#endif
#define BASE_IMAGE "world.tif"
#define PIN_ICON "placemark32.png"

using namespace GeoVis;
using namespace IData;

Renderer::Renderer() :
    _needsRedraw(false),
    _windowWidth(500),
    _windowHeight(500),
    _scaleBarUnits(UNITS_METERS)
{
    TRACE("Enter");

    initIconMap();
    _bgColor[0] = 0;
    _bgColor[1] = 0;
    _bgColor[2] = 0;
    //setMaximumFrameRateInHertz(15.0);
    // 100 Mbps
    setMaximumBitrate(1.0e8);
    _lastFrameTime = _minFrameTime;
    TRACE("Bandwidth target: %.2f Mbps", (float)(getMaximumBitrate()/1.0e6));
    TRACE("Frame rate target: %.2f Hz", (float)getMaximumFrameRateInHertz());
    TRACE("Frame time target: %.2f msec", _minFrameTime * 1000.0f);

    iDataInit(getenv("USER"));
    setCacheBaseDirectory(CACHE_DIR);
    char *base = getenv("MAP_BASE_URI");
    if (base != NULL) {
        _baseURI = base;
        TRACE("Setting base URI: %s", _baseURI.c_str());
    }
}

osgGA::EventQueue *Renderer::getEventQueue()
{
    if (_viewer.valid()) {
        osgViewer::ViewerBase::Windows windows;
        _viewer->getWindows(windows);
        if (windows.size() > 0) {
            return windows[0]->getEventQueue();
        }
    }
    return NULL;
}

Renderer::~Renderer()
{
    TRACE("Enter");

    // Removes temp files
    deleteColorMap("all");

    iDataCleanup();

    // Cache is deleted in main() to allow ref-counted objects to
    // be deleted and threads to exit first

    TRACE("Leave");
}

std::string Renderer::getIconFile(const char *name) const
{
    std::ostringstream oss;
    oss << _resourcePath << "/" << GeoVis::getIconFile(name);
    return oss.str();
}

std::string Renderer::getBaseImage() const
{
    std::ostringstream oss;
    oss << _resourcePath << "/" << BASE_IMAGE;
    return oss.str();
}

std::string Renderer::getPinIcon() const
{
    std::ostringstream oss;
    oss << _resourcePath << "/" << PIN_ICON;
    return oss.str();
}

void Renderer::setupCache()
{
    std::ostringstream dir;
    dir << _cacheBaseDir << "/geovis_cache" << getpid();
    _cacheDir = dir.str();
    const char *path = _cacheDir.c_str();
    TRACE("Cache dir: %s", path);
    removeDirectory(path);
    if (!osgDB::makeDirectory(_cacheDir)) {
        ERROR("Failed to create directory '%s'", path);
    }
}

void Renderer::initColorMaps()
{
    if (!_colorMaps.empty())
        return;
#if 0
    osg::TransferFunction1D *defaultColorMap = new osg::TransferFunction1D;
    defaultColorMap->allocate(256);
    defaultColorMap->setColor(0.00, osg::Vec4f(0,0,1,1), false);
    defaultColorMap->setColor(0.25, osg::Vec4f(0,1,1,1), false);
    defaultColorMap->setColor(0.50, osg::Vec4f(0,1,0,1), false);
    defaultColorMap->setColor(0.75, osg::Vec4f(1,1,0,1), false);
    defaultColorMap->setColor(1.00, osg::Vec4f(1,0,0,1), false);
    defaultColorMap->updateImage();
    addColorMap("default", defaultColorMap);
    osg::TransferFunction1D *defaultGrayColorMap = new osg::TransferFunction1D;
    defaultGrayColorMap->allocate(256);
    defaultGrayColorMap->setColor(0, osg::Vec4f(0,0,0,1), false);
    defaultGrayColorMap->setColor(1, osg::Vec4f(1,1,1,1), false);
    defaultGrayColorMap->updateImage();
    addColorMap("grayDefault", defaultGrayColorMap);
#endif
}

void Renderer::saveCLRFile(const std::string& path, osg::TransferFunction1D *xfer)
{
    std::ofstream out(path.c_str());
    float value;
    unsigned int r, g, b, a;
    for (osg::TransferFunction1D::ColorMap::const_iterator itr = xfer->getColorMap().begin();
         itr != xfer->getColorMap().end(); ++itr) {
        value = itr->first;
        r = (unsigned int)(255.0 * itr->second.r());
        g = (unsigned int)(255.0 * itr->second.g());
        b = (unsigned int)(255.0 * itr->second.b());
        a = (unsigned int)(255.0 * itr->second.a());
        out << value << " " << r << " " << g << " " << b << " " << a << std::endl;
    }
}

void Renderer::getColorMapRange(const ColorMapId& id, float *min, float *max) const
{
    ColorMapHashmap::const_iterator itr = _colorMaps.find(id);
    if (itr == _colorMaps.end()) {
        ERROR("Unknown ColorMap %s", id.c_str());
        return;
    }

    *min = itr->second->getMinimum();
    *max = itr->second->getMaximum();
}

std::string Renderer::getColorMapFilePath(const ColorMapId& id) const
{
    std::ostringstream path;
    path << "/tmp/" << id << "_" << getpid() << ".clr";
    return path.str();
}

void Renderer::addColorMap(const ColorMapId& id, osg::TransferFunction1D *xfer)
{
    _colorMaps[id] = xfer;
    saveCLRFile(getColorMapFilePath(id), xfer);
}

void Renderer::deleteColorMap(const ColorMapId& id)
{
    ColorMapHashmap::iterator itr;
    bool doAll = false;

    if (id.compare("all") == 0) {
        itr = _colorMaps.begin();
        doAll = true;
    } else {
        itr = _colorMaps.find(id);
    }

    if (itr == _colorMaps.end()) {
        ERROR("Unknown ColorMap %s", id.c_str());
        return;
    }

    do {
        TRACE("Deleting ColorMap %s", itr->first.c_str());
        std::string path = getColorMapFilePath(itr->first);
        if (remove(path.c_str()) < 0) {
            ERROR("Failed to delete colormap file '%s': %s",
                  path.c_str(), strerror(errno));
        }
        itr = _colorMaps.erase(itr);
    } while (doAll && itr != _colorMaps.end());
}

void Renderer::setColorMapNumberOfTableEntries(const ColorMapId& id,
                                               int numEntries)
{
    ColorMapHashmap::iterator itr;
    bool doAll = false;

    if (id.compare("all") == 0) {
        itr = _colorMaps.begin();
        doAll = true;
    } else {
        itr = _colorMaps.find(id);
    }

    if (itr == _colorMaps.end()) {
        ERROR("Unknown ColorMap %s", id.c_str());
        return;
    }

    do {
        itr->second->allocate(numEntries);
    } while (doAll && ++itr != _colorMaps.end());
}

bool
Renderer::renderColorMap(const ColorMapId& id, int width, int height,
                         osg::Image *imgData,
                         bool opaque, float bgColor[3],
                         bool bgr, int bytesPerPixel) const
{
    ColorMapHashmap::const_iterator itr = _colorMaps.find(id);
    if (itr == _colorMaps.end()) {
        ERROR("Unknown ColorMap %s", id.c_str());
        return false;
    }

    ColorMap::renderColorMap(itr->second, width, height, imgData, opaque, bgColor, bgr, bytesPerPixel);
    return true;
}

void Renderer::initViewer() {
    if (_viewer.valid())
        return;
    _viewer = new osgViewer::Viewer();
#if 1
    osg::DisplaySettings *ds = _viewer->getDisplaySettings();
    if (ds == NULL) {
        ds = osg::DisplaySettings::instance().get();
    }
    ds->setDoubleBuffer(false);
    ds->setMinimumNumAlphaBits(8);
    ds->setMinimumNumStencilBits(8);
    ds->setNumMultiSamples(0);
#endif
    _viewer->setThreadingModel(osgViewer::ViewerBase::SingleThreaded);
    _viewer->getDatabasePager()->setUnrefImageDataAfterApplyPolicy(false, false);
    _viewer->setReleaseContextAtEndOfFrameHint(false);
    //_viewer->setLightingMode(osg::View::SKY_LIGHT);
    _viewer->getCamera()->setClearColor(osg::Vec4(_bgColor[0], _bgColor[1], _bgColor[2], 1));
    _viewer->getCamera()->setClearMask(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
    _viewer->getCamera()->setNearFarRatio(0.00002);
    _viewer->getCamera()->setSmallFeatureCullingPixelSize(-1.0f);
    _stateManip = new osgGA::StateSetManipulator(_viewer->getCamera()->getOrCreateStateSet());
    _viewer->addEventHandler(_stateManip);
    //_viewer->addEventHandler(new osgViewer::StatsHandler());

#ifdef DEBUG
    if (_viewer->getViewerStats() != NULL) {
        TRACE("Enabling stats");
        _viewer->getViewerStats()->collectStats("scene", true);
    }
#endif
#if 0
    osgViewer::ViewerBase::Windows windows;
    _viewer->getWindows(windows);
    if (windows.size() == 1) {
        windows[0]->setSyncToVBlank(false);
    } else {
        ERROR("Num windows: %lu", windows.size());
    }
#endif
}

void Renderer::finalizeViewer() {
    initViewer();
    TRACE("Before _viewer->isRealized()");
    if (!_viewer->isRealized()) {
        int screen = 0;
        const char *displayEnv = getenv("DISPLAY");
        if (displayEnv != NULL) {
            TRACE("DISPLAY: %s", displayEnv);
            // 3 parts: host, display, screen
            int part = 0;
            for (size_t c = 0; c < strlen(displayEnv); c++) {
                if (displayEnv[c] == ':') {
                    part = 1;
                } else if (part == 1 && displayEnv[c] == '.') {
                    part = 2;
                } else if (part == 2) {
                    screen = atoi(&displayEnv[c]);
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
        TRACE("Using screen: %d", screen);
#ifdef USE_OFFSCREEN_RENDERING
#ifdef USE_PBUFFER
        osg::ref_ptr<osg::GraphicsContext> pbuffer;
        osg::ref_ptr<osg::GraphicsContext::Traits> traits = new osg::GraphicsContext::Traits;
        traits->x = 0;
        traits->y = 0;
        traits->width = _windowWidth;
        traits->height = _windowHeight;
        traits->red = 8;
        traits->green = 8;
        traits->blue = 8;
        traits->alpha = 8;
        traits->windowDecoration = false;
        traits->pbuffer = true;
        traits->doubleBuffer = true;
        traits->sharedContext = 0;

        pbuffer = osg::GraphicsContext::createGraphicsContext(traits.get());
        if (pbuffer.valid()) {
            TRACE("Pixel buffer has been created successfully.");
        } else {
            ERROR("Pixel buffer has not been created successfully.");
        }
        osg::Camera *camera = new osg::Camera;
        camera->setGraphicsContext(pbuffer.get());
        //camera->getOrCreateStateSet()->setGlobalDefaults();
        camera->setViewport(new osg::Viewport(0, 0, _windowWidth, _windowHeight));
        GLenum buffer = pbuffer->getTraits()->doubleBuffer ? GL_BACK : GL_FRONT;
        camera->setDrawBuffer(buffer);
        camera->setReadBuffer(buffer);
        _captureCallback = new ScreenCaptureCallback();
        camera->setFinalDrawCallback(_captureCallback.get());
        _viewer->addSlave(camera, osg::Matrixd(), osg::Matrixd());
#else
        _viewer->getCamera()->setRenderTargetImplementation(osg::Camera::FRAME_BUFFER_OBJECT);
        osg::Texture2D* texture2D = new osg::Texture2D;
        texture2D->setTextureSize(_windowWidth, _windowHeight);
        texture2D->setInternalFormat(GL_RGBA);
        texture2D->setFilter(osg::Texture2D::MIN_FILTER, osg::Texture2D::NEAREST);
        texture2D->setFilter(osg::Texture2D::MAG_FILTER, osg::Texture2D::NEAREST);

        _viewer->getCamera()->setImplicitBufferAttachmentMask(0, 0);
        _viewer->getCamera()->attach(osg::Camera::COLOR_BUFFER0, texture2D);
        //_viewer->getCamera()->attach(osg::Camera::DEPTH_BUFFER, GL_DEPTH_COMPONENT24);
        _viewer->getCamera()->attach(osg::Camera::PACKED_DEPTH_STENCIL_BUFFER, GL_DEPTH24_STENCIL8_EXT);
        _captureCallback = new ScreenCaptureCallback(texture2D);
        _viewer->getCamera()->setFinalDrawCallback(_captureCallback.get());
        _viewer->setUpViewInWindow(0, 0, _windowWidth, _windowHeight, screen);
#endif
#else
        _captureCallback = new ScreenCaptureCallback();
        _viewer->getCamera()->setFinalDrawCallback(_captureCallback.get());
#if 1
        _viewer->setUpViewInWindow(0, 0, _windowWidth, _windowHeight, screen);
#else
        SingleWindow *windowConfig = new SingleWindow(0, 0, _windowWidth, _windowHeight, screen);
        osg::DisplaySettings *ds = windowConfig->getActiveDisplaySetting(*_viewer.get());
        ds->setDoubleBuffer(false);
        ds->setMinimumNumAlphaBits(8);
        ds->setMinimumNumStencilBits(8);
        ds->setNumMultiSamples(0);
        windowConfig->setWindowDecoration(false);
        windowConfig->setOverrideRedirect(false);
        _viewer->apply(windowConfig);
#endif
#endif
        _viewer->realize();
        initColorMaps();
        // HACK: This seems to initialize something required for properly
        // mapping mouse coords
        assert(getEventQueue() != NULL);
        getEventQueue()->mouseMotion(_windowWidth/2, _windowHeight/2);
    }
}

void Renderer::setAttribution(const std::string& attrib)
{
    TRACE("Setting map attribution: '%s'", attrib.c_str());
    _attribution = attrib;
    if (_copyrightLabel.valid()) {
        _copyrightLabel->setText(_attribution);
        _needsRedraw = true;
    }
}

void Renderer::initControls()
{
    if (_hbox.valid())
        return;
    _hbox = 
        new osgEarth::Util::Controls::HBox(osgEarth::Util::Controls::Control::ALIGN_RIGHT,
                                           osgEarth::Util::Controls::Control::ALIGN_BOTTOM,
                                           osgEarth::Util::Controls::Gutter(0, 2, 2, 0), 2.0f);
    _attribution = "Map data © OpenStreetMap";
    _copyrightLabel =
        new osgEarth::Util::Controls::LabelControl(_attribution, 12.0f);
    _copyrightLabel->setForeColor(osg::Vec4f(1, 1, 1, 1));
    _copyrightLabel->setHaloColor(osg::Vec4f(0, 0, 0, 1));
    _copyrightLabel->setEncoding(osgText::String::ENCODING_UTF8);
    _scaleLabel =
        new osgEarth::Util::Controls::LabelControl("- km", 12.0f);
    _scaleLabel->setForeColor(osg::Vec4f(1, 1, 1, 1));
    _scaleLabel->setHaloColor(osg::Vec4f(0, 0, 0, 1));
    _scaleBar =
        new osgEarth::Util::Controls::Frame();
    _scaleBar->setVertFill(true);
    _scaleBar->setForeColor(osg::Vec4f(0, 0, 0, 1));
    _scaleBar->setBackColor(osg::Vec4f(1, 1, 1, 0.6));
    _scaleBar->setBorderColor(osg::Vec4f(0, 0, 0 ,1));
    _scaleBar->setBorderWidth(1.0);
    _hbox->addControl(_copyrightLabel.get());
    _hbox->addControl(_scaleLabel.get());
    _hbox->addControl(_scaleBar.get());
    osgEarth::Util::Controls::ControlCanvas::getOrCreate(_viewer.get())->addControl(_hbox.get());
    // Install an event callback to handle scale bar updates
    // Can't use an update callback since that will trigger
    // constant rendering
    _mapNode->setEventCallback(new MapNodeCallback(this));
}

void Renderer::setGraticule(bool enable, GraticuleType type)
{
    if (!_mapNode.valid() || !_sceneRoot.valid())
        return;
    if (enable) {
        if (_graticule.valid()) {
            _sceneRoot->removeChild(_graticule.get());
            _graticule = NULL;
        }
        switch (type) {
        case GRATICULE_UTM: {
            osgEarth::Util::UTMGraticule *gr = new osgEarth::Util::UTMGraticule(_mapNode.get());
            _sceneRoot->addChild(gr);
            _graticule = gr;
        }
            break;
        case GRATICULE_MGRS: {
            osgEarth::Util::MGRSGraticule *gr = new osgEarth::Util::MGRSGraticule(_mapNode.get());
            _sceneRoot->addChild(gr);
            _graticule = gr;
        }
            break;
        case GRATICULE_SHADER: {
            osgEarth::Util::GraticuleOptions opt;
            opt.color() = osgEarth::Symbology::Color(1, 1, 0);
            opt.labelColor() = osgEarth::Symbology::Color(1, 1, 0);
            opt.lineWidth() = 1.0;
            osgEarth::Util::GraticuleNode *gr = new osgEarth::Util::GraticuleNode(_mapNode.get(), opt);
            _sceneRoot->addChild(gr);
            _graticule = gr;
        }
            break;
        case GRATICULE_GEODETIC:
        default:
            osgEarth::Util::GeodeticGraticule *gr = new osgEarth::Util::GeodeticGraticule(_mapNode.get());
            osgEarth::Util::GeodeticGraticuleOptions opt = gr->getOptions();
            opt.lineStyle()->getOrCreate<osgEarth::Symbology::LineSymbol>()->stroke()->color().set(1,0,0,1);
            gr->setOptions(opt);
            _sceneRoot->addChild(gr);
            _graticule = gr;
        }
    } else if (_graticule.valid()) {
        _sceneRoot->removeChild(_graticule.get());
        _graticule = NULL;
    }
    _needsRedraw = true;
}

void Renderer::setReadout(int x, int y)
{
    if (!_coordsCallback.valid() || !_mapNode.valid() || !_viewer.valid())
        return;

    osgEarth::GeoPoint mapCoord;
    if (mapMouseCoords(x, y, mapCoord)) {
        _coordsCallback->set(mapCoord, _viewer->asView(), _mapNode);
    } else {
        _coordsCallback->reset(_viewer->asView(), _mapNode);
    }
    _needsRedraw = true;
}

void Renderer::clearReadout()
{
    if (_coordsCallback.valid()) {
        _coordsCallback->reset(_viewer->asView(), _mapNode);
    }
    _needsRedraw = true;
}

void Renderer::setCoordinateReadout(bool state, CoordinateDisplayType type,
                                    int precision)
{
    if (!state) {
        if (_mouseCoordsTool.valid() && _viewer.valid()) {
            _viewer->removeEventHandler(_mouseCoordsTool.get());
            _mouseCoordsTool = NULL;
        }
        if (_coordsCallback.valid() && _viewer.valid()) {
            osgEarth::Util::Controls::LabelControl *readout =
                _coordsCallback->getLabel();
            osgEarth::Util::Controls::ControlCanvas::getOrCreate(_viewer.get())->removeControl(readout);
            _coordsCallback = NULL;
        }
    } else {
        initMouseCoordsTool(type, precision);
    }
    _needsRedraw = true;
}

osgEarth::Util::MGRSFormatter::Precision
Renderer::getMGRSPrecision(int precisionInMeters)
{
    switch (precisionInMeters) {
    case 1:
        return osgEarth::Util::MGRSFormatter::PRECISION_1M;
    case 10:
        return osgEarth::Util::MGRSFormatter::PRECISION_10M;
    case 100:
        return osgEarth::Util::MGRSFormatter::PRECISION_100M;
    case 1000:
        return osgEarth::Util::MGRSFormatter::PRECISION_1000M;
    case 10000:
        return osgEarth::Util::MGRSFormatter::PRECISION_10000M;
    case 100000:
        return osgEarth::Util::MGRSFormatter::PRECISION_100000M;
    default:
        ERROR("Invalid precision: %d", precisionInMeters);
        return osgEarth::Util::MGRSFormatter::PRECISION_1M;
    }
}

void Renderer::initMouseCoordsTool(CoordinateDisplayType type, int precision)
{
    if (!_viewer.valid())
        return;
    if (_mouseCoordsTool.valid()) {
        _viewer->removeEventHandler(_mouseCoordsTool.get());
    }
    _mouseCoordsTool = new MouseCoordsTool(_mapNode.get());
    osgEarth::Util::Controls::LabelControl *readout;
    if (_coordsCallback.valid()) {
        readout = _coordsCallback->getLabel();
        _coordsCallback = NULL;
    } else {
        readout = new osgEarth::Util::Controls::LabelControl("", 12.0f);
        osgEarth::Util::Controls::ControlCanvas::getOrCreate(_viewer.get())->addControl(readout);
        readout->setForeColor(osg::Vec4f(1, 1, 1, 1));
        readout->setHaloColor(osg::Vec4f(0, 0, 0, 1));
    }

    osgEarth::Util::Formatter *formatter = NULL;
    if (type == COORDS_MGRS) {
        osgEarth::Util::MGRSFormatter::Precision prec =
            osgEarth::Util::MGRSFormatter::PRECISION_1M;
        if (precision > 0) {
            prec = getMGRSPrecision(precision);
        }
        unsigned int opts = 0u;
        formatter = new osgEarth::Util::MGRSFormatter(prec, NULL, opts);
    } else {
        osgEarth::Util::LatLongFormatter::AngularFormat af;
        unsigned int opts =  osgEarth::Util::LatLongFormatter::USE_SYMBOLS;
        switch (type) {
        case COORDS_LATLONG_DEGREES_DECIMAL_MINUTES:
            af = osgEarth::Util::LatLongFormatter::FORMAT_DEGREES_DECIMAL_MINUTES;
            break;
        case COORDS_LATLONG_DEGREES_MINUTES_SECONDS:
            af = osgEarth::Util::LatLongFormatter::FORMAT_DEGREES_MINUTES_SECONDS;
            break;
        default:
            af = osgEarth::Util::LatLongFormatter::FORMAT_DECIMAL_DEGREES;
        }
        osgEarth::Util::LatLongFormatter *latlong = new osgEarth::Util::LatLongFormatter(af, opts);
        if (precision > 0) {
            latlong->setPrecision(precision);
        }
        formatter = latlong;
    }
    _coordsCallback = new MouseCoordsCallback(readout, formatter);

    _mouseCoordsTool->addCallback(_coordsCallback.get());
    _viewer->addEventHandler(_mouseCoordsTool.get());
}

void Renderer::initEarthManipulator()
{
    _manipulator = new osgEarth::Util::EarthManipulator;
#if 1
    osgEarth::Util::EarthManipulator::Settings *settings = _manipulator->getSettings();

    settings->bindMouse(osgEarth::Util::EarthManipulator::ACTION_ROTATE,
                        osgGA::GUIEventAdapter::MIDDLE_MOUSE_BUTTON,
                        osgGA::GUIEventAdapter::MODKEY_ALT);
    osgEarth::Util::EarthManipulator::ActionOptions options;
    options.clear();
    options.add(osgEarth::Util::EarthManipulator::OPTION_CONTINUOUS, true);
    settings->bindMouse(osgEarth::Util::EarthManipulator::ACTION_ZOOM,
                        osgGA::GUIEventAdapter::RIGHT_MOUSE_BUTTON,
                        osgGA::GUIEventAdapter::MODKEY_ALT, options);

    if (_map->isGeocentric()) {
        settings->setMinMaxDistance(1.0, 2.0e7);
    } else {
        osgEarth::GeoExtent extent = _map->getProfile()->getExtent();
        settings->setMinMaxDistance(1.0, getMaxDistanceFromExtent(extent));
    }

    _manipulator->applySettings(settings);
#endif
    _viewer->setCameraManipulator(_manipulator.get());
    _manipulator->setNode(NULL);
    _manipulator->setNode(_sceneRoot.get());
    //_manipulator->computeHomePosition();
}

void Renderer::loadEarthFile(const char *path)
{
    TRACE("Loading %s", path);
    osg::Node *node = osgDB::readNodeFile(path);
    if (node == NULL) {
        ERROR("Couldn't load %s", path);
        return;
    }
    osgEarth::MapNode *mapNode = osgEarth::MapNode::findMapNode(node);
    if (mapNode == NULL) {
        ERROR("Couldn't find MapNode");
        return;
    } else {
        initViewer();
        _sceneRoot = new osg::Group;
        _sceneRoot->addChild(node);
        _map = mapNode->getMap();
    }
    _mapNode = mapNode;

    if (_clipPlaneCullCallback.valid()) {
        _viewer->getCamera()->removeCullCallback(_clipPlaneCullCallback.get());
        _clipPlaneCullCallback = NULL;
    }
    if (_map->isGeocentric()) {
        _clipPlaneCullCallback = new osgEarth::Util::AutoClipPlaneCullCallback(mapNode);
        _viewer->getCamera()->addCullCallback(_clipPlaneCullCallback.get());
    }
    _viewer->setSceneData(_sceneRoot.get());

    if (_mouseCoordsTool.valid()) {
        initMouseCoordsTool();
    }
    initControls();
    initEarthManipulator();
    
    _viewer->home();
    finalizeViewer();
    _needsRedraw = true;
}

void Renderer::resetMap(osgEarth::MapOptions::CoordinateSystemType type,
                        const osg::Vec4f& bgColor,
                        const char *profile,
                        double bounds[4])
{
    TRACE("Restting map with type %d, profile %s", type, profile);

    osgEarth::MapOptions mapOpts;
    mapOpts.coordSysType() = type;
    if (profile != NULL) {
        if (bounds != NULL) {
            mapOpts.profile() = osgEarth::ProfileOptions();
            if (strcmp(profile, "geodetic") == 0) {
                mapOpts.profile()->srsString() = "epsg:4326"; // WGS84
            } else if (strcmp(profile, "spherical-mercator") == 0) {
                // Projection used by Google/Bing/OSM
                // aka epsg:900913 meters in x/y
                // aka WGS84 Web Mercator (Auxiliary Sphere)
                // X/Y: -20037508.34m to 20037508.34m
                mapOpts.profile()->srsString() = "epsg:3857";
            } else {
                mapOpts.profile()->srsString() = profile;
            }
            TRACE("Setting profile bounds: %g %g %g %g",
                  bounds[0], bounds[1], bounds[2], bounds[3]);
            if (1) {
                osg::ref_ptr<osgEarth::SpatialReference> fromSRS = osgEarth::SpatialReference::create("wgs84");
                osg::ref_ptr<osgEarth::SpatialReference> toSRS = osgEarth::SpatialReference::create(mapOpts.profile()->srsString().get());
                osgEarth::Bounds extents(bounds[0], bounds[1], bounds[2], bounds[3]);
                extents.transform(fromSRS, toSRS);
                mapOpts.profile()->bounds() = extents;
                //mapOpts.profile()->numTilesWideAtLod0() = 1;
                //mapOpts.profile()->numTilesHighAtLod0() = 2;
            } else {
                mapOpts.profile()->bounds() = 
                    osgEarth::Bounds(bounds[0], bounds[1], bounds[2], bounds[3]);
            }
        } else {
            mapOpts.profile() = osgEarth::ProfileOptions(profile);
        }
    } else if (type == osgEarth::MapOptions::CSTYPE_PROJECTED) {
        mapOpts.profile() = osgEarth::ProfileOptions("global-mercator");
    }

#ifdef USE_CACHE
    setupCache();
    osgEarth::Drivers::FileSystemCacheOptions cacheOpts;
    cacheOpts.rootPath() = _cacheDir;
    mapOpts.cache() = cacheOpts;
#endif

    initViewer();

    //mapOpts.referenceURI() = _baseURI;
    osgEarth::Map *map = new osgEarth::Map(mapOpts);
    _map = map;
    osgEarth::Drivers::GDALOptions bopts;
    bopts.url() = getBaseImage();
    addImageLayer("base", bopts);
#ifdef USE_REX
    osgEarth::Drivers::RexTerrainEngine::RexTerrainEngineOptions engineOpt;
#else
    osgEarth::Drivers::MPTerrainEngine::MPTerrainEngineOptions engineOpt;
#endif
    // Set background layer color
    engineOpt.color() = bgColor;
    //engineOpt.minLOD() = 1;
    // Sets shader uniform for terrain renderer (config var defaults to false)
    if (!_map->isGeocentric()) {
        engineOpt.enableLighting() = false;
    }
    osgEarth::MapNodeOptions mapNodeOpts(engineOpt);
    // Sets GL_LIGHTING state in MapNode StateSet (config var defaults to true)
    //mapNodeOpts.enableLighting() = true;
    //mapNodeOpts.getTerrainOptions().loadingPolicy().mapLoadingThreadsPerCore() = 1;
    //mapNodeOpts.getTerrainOptions().loadingPolicy().numLoadingThreads() = 1;
    //mapNodeOpts.getTerrainOptions().loadingPolicy().numCompileThreadsPerCore() = 1;
    //mapNodeOpts.getTerrainOptions().loadingPolicy().numCompileThreads() = 1;
    osgEarth::MapNode *mapNode = new osgEarth::MapNode(map, mapNodeOpts);
    _mapNode = mapNode;
    if (_map->isGeocentric()) {
        osgEarth::DateTime now;
        TRACE("Creating SkyNode");
        osgEarth::Drivers::SimpleSky::SimpleSkyOptions skyOpts;
        skyOpts.hours() = now.hours();
        skyOpts.ambient() = 0.2f;
        skyOpts.atmosphericLighting() = true;
        skyOpts.exposure() = 3.0;
        _skyNode = osgEarth::Util::SkyNode::create(skyOpts, mapNode);
        _skyNode->addChild(mapNode);
        _skyNode->attach(_viewer.get(), 0);
        _sceneRoot = new osg::Group();
        _sceneRoot->addChild(_skyNode.get());
        //_sceneRoot = _skyNode;
    } else {
        _sceneRoot = new osg::Group();
        _sceneRoot->addChild(_mapNode.get());
    }

    if (_clipPlaneCullCallback.valid()) {
        _viewer->getCamera()->removeCullCallback(_clipPlaneCullCallback.get());
        _clipPlaneCullCallback = NULL;
    }
    if (_map->isGeocentric()) {
        _clipPlaneCullCallback = new osgEarth::Util::AutoClipPlaneCullCallback(mapNode);
        _viewer->getCamera()->addCullCallback(_clipPlaneCullCallback.get());
    }
    _viewer->setSceneData(_sceneRoot.get());
    if (_mouseCoordsTool.valid()) {
        initMouseCoordsTool();
    }
#ifdef USE_RTT_PICKER
    if (_picker.valid()) {
        _viewer->removeEventHandler(_picker.get());
        _picker = NULL;
    }
    if (!_picker.valid()) {
        _picker = new osgEarth::Util::RTTPicker;
        _picker->addChild(mapNode);
        //osg::ref_ptr<HoverCallback> callback = new HoverCallback(this);
        osg::ref_ptr<SelectCallback> callback = new SelectCallback(this);
        _picker->setDefaultCallback(callback.get());
        _viewer->addEventHandler(_picker.get());
    }
#endif
    initControls();
    //_viewer->setSceneData(_sceneRoot.get());
    initEarthManipulator();
    _viewer->home();

    finalizeViewer();
    _needsRedraw = true;
}

void Renderer::clearMap()
{
    if (_map.valid()) {
        _map->clear();
        _needsRedraw = true;
    }
}

void Renderer::setSkyAmbient(float value)
{
#if OSG_MIN_VERSION_REQUIRED(2, 7, 0)
    if (_skyNode.valid()) {
        _skyNode->setMinimumAmbient(osg::Vec4f(value, value, value, 1.0f));
        _needsRedraw = true;
    }
#endif
}

void Renderer::setLighting(bool state)
{
    if (_mapNode.valid()) {
        TRACE("Setting lighting: %d", state ? 1 : 0);
        _mapNode->getOrCreateStateSet()
            ->setMode(GL_LIGHTING, state ? 1 : 0);
        _needsRedraw = true;
    }
}

void Renderer::setViewerLightType(osg::View::LightingMode mode)
{
    if (_viewer.valid()) {
        _viewer->setLightingMode(mode);
        _needsRedraw = true;
    }
}

void Renderer::setTerrainVerticalScale(double scale)
{
    if (_mapNode.valid()) {
        if (!_verticalScale.valid()) {
            _verticalScale = new osgEarth::Util::VerticalScale;
            _mapNode->getTerrainEngine()->addEffect(_verticalScale);
        }
        _verticalScale->setScale(scale);
        _needsRedraw = true;
    }
}

void Renderer::setEphemerisTime(time_t utcTime)
{
    if (_skyNode.valid()) {
        osgEarth::DateTime time(utcTime);
        _skyNode->setDateTime(time);
        _needsRedraw = true;
    }
}

void Renderer::setEphemerisTime(int year, int month, int day, double hours)
{
    if (_skyNode.valid()) {
        osgEarth::DateTime time(year, month, day, hours);
        _skyNode->setDateTime(time);
        _needsRedraw = true;
    }
}

void Renderer::setTerrainColor(const osg::Vec4f& color)
{
    // XXX: Don't know how to change this at runtime without a map reset
    _needsRedraw = true;
}

void Renderer::setTerrainLighting(bool state)
{
    if (_skyNode.valid()) {
        _skyNode->setLighting((state ? osg::StateAttribute::ON : osg::StateAttribute::OFF));
    } else {
#if 1
        if (!_mapNode.valid()) {
            ERROR("No map node");
            return;
        }
        // XXX: HACK alert
        // Find the terrain engine container (might be above one or more decorators)
        osg::Group *group = _mapNode->getTerrainEngine();
        while (group->getParent(0) != NULL && group->getParent(0) != _mapNode.get()) {
            group = group->getParent(0);
        }
        if (group != NULL && group->getParent(0) == _mapNode.get()) {
            TRACE("Setting terrain lighting: %d", state ? 1 : 0);
            if (group->getOrCreateStateSet()->getUniform("oe_mode_GL_LIGHTING") != NULL) {
                group->getStateSet()->getUniform("oe_mode_GL_LIGHTING")->set(state);
            } else {
                ERROR("Can't get terrain lighting uniform");
            }
        } else {
            ERROR("Can't find terrain engine container");
        }
#else
        if (_stateManip.valid()) {
            _stateManip->setLightingEnabled(state);
        }
#endif
    }
    _needsRedraw = true;
}

void Renderer::setTerrainWireframe(bool state)
{
    if (!_map.valid()) {
        ERROR("No map");
        return;
    }
#if 0
    if (!_mapNode.valid()) {
        ERROR("No map node");
        return;
    }
    TRACE("Setting terrain wireframe: %d", state ? 1 : 0);
    osg::StateSet *state = _mapNode->getOrCreateStateSet();
    osg::PolygonMode *pmode = dynamic_cast< osg::PolygonMode* >(state->getAttribute(osg::StateAttribute::POLYGONMODE));
    if (pmode == NULL) {
        pmode = new osg::PolygonMode;
        state->setAttribute(pmode);
    }
    if (state) {
        pmode->setMode(osg::PolygonMode::FRONT_AND_BACK, osg::PolygonMode::LINE);
    } else {
        pmode->setMode(osg::PolygonMode::FRONT_AND_BACK, osg::PolygonMode::FILL);
    }
    _needsRedraw = true;
#else
    if (_stateManip.valid()) {
        _stateManip->setPolygonMode(state ? osg::PolygonMode::LINE : osg::PolygonMode::FILL);
        _needsRedraw = true;
    }
#endif
}

void Renderer::saveNamedViewpoint(const char *name)
{
    _viewpoints[name] = getViewpoint();
}

bool Renderer::removeNamedViewpoint(const char *name)
{
    ViewpointHashmap::iterator itr = _viewpoints.find(name);
    if (itr != _viewpoints.end()) {
        _viewpoints.erase(name);
        return true;
    } else {
        ERROR("Unknown viewpoint: '%s'", name);
        return false;
    }
}

bool Renderer::restoreNamedViewpoint(const char *name, double durationSecs)
{
    ViewpointHashmap::iterator itr = _viewpoints.find(name);
    if (itr != _viewpoints.end()) {
        setViewpoint(itr->second, durationSecs);
        return true;
    } else {
        ERROR("Unknown viewpoint: '%s'", name);
        return false;
    }
}

void Renderer::setViewpoint(const osgEarth::Viewpoint& v, double durationSecs)
{
    if (_manipulator.valid()) {
        TRACE("Setting viewpoint: %g %g %g %g %g %g",
              v.focalPoint()->x(), v.focalPoint()->y(), v.focalPoint()->z(),
              v.heading()->as(osgEarth::Units::DEGREES),
              v.pitch()->as(osgEarth::Units::DEGREES),
              v.range()->as(osgEarth::Units::METERS));
        _manipulator->setViewpoint(v, durationSecs);
        _needsRedraw = true;
    } else {
        ERROR("No manipulator");
    }
}

osgEarth::Viewpoint Renderer::getViewpoint()
{
    if (_manipulator.valid()) {
        return _manipulator->getViewpoint();
    } else {
        // Uninitialized, invalid viewpoint
        return osgEarth::Viewpoint();
    }
}

static void srsInfo(const osgEarth::SpatialReference *srs)
{
    TRACE("SRS: %s", srs->getName().c_str());
    TRACE("horiz: \"%s\" vert: \"%s\"", srs->getHorizInitString().c_str(), srs->getVertInitString().c_str());
    TRACE("geographic: %d geodetic: %d projected: %d ecef: %d mercator: %d spherical mercator: %d northpolar: %d southpolar: %d userdefined: %d contiguous: %d cube: %d ltp: %d plate_carre: %d",
          srs->isGeographic() ? 1 : 0,
          srs->isGeodetic() ? 1 : 0,
          srs->isProjected() ? 1 : 0,
          srs->isECEF() ? 1 : 0,
          srs->isMercator() ? 1 : 0,
          srs->isSphericalMercator() ? 1 : 0,
          srs->isNorthPolar() ? 1 : 0,
          srs->isSouthPolar() ? 1 : 0,
          srs->isUserDefined() ? 1 : 0,
          srs->isContiguous() ? 1 : 0,
          srs->isCube() ? 1 : 0,
          srs->isLTP() ? 1 : 0,
          srs->isPlateCarre() ? 1 : 0);
}

bool Renderer::getWorldCoords(const osgEarth::GeoPoint& mapPt, osg::Vec3d *world)
{
    if (!_mapNode.valid() || _mapNode->getTerrain() == NULL) {
        ERROR("No map");
        return false;
    }
    TRACE("Input SRS:");
    srsInfo(mapPt.getSRS());
    TRACE("Map SRS:");
    srsInfo(_mapNode->getMapSRS());
    bool ret = mapPt.toWorld(*world, _mapNode->getTerrain());
    TRACE("In: %g,%g,%g Out: %g,%g,%g",
          mapPt.x(), mapPt.y(), mapPt.z(),
          world->x(), world->y(), world->z());
    return ret;
}

bool Renderer::worldToScreen(const osg::Vec3d& world, osg::Vec3d *screen, bool invertY)
{
    if (!_viewer.valid()) {
        ERROR("No viewer");
        return false;
    }
    osg::Camera *cam = _viewer->getCamera();
    osg::Matrixd MVP = cam->getViewMatrix() * cam->getProjectionMatrix();
    // Get clip coords
    osg::Vec4d pt;
    pt = osg::Vec4d(world, 1.0) * MVP;
    // Clip
    if (pt.x() < -pt.w() ||
        pt.x() > pt.w() ||
        pt.y() < -pt.w() ||
        pt.y() > pt.w() ||
        pt.z() < -pt.w() ||
        pt.z() > pt.w()) {
        // Outside frustum
        TRACE("invalid pt: %g,%g,%g,%g", pt.x(), pt.y(), pt.z(), pt.w());
        return false;
    }
    TRACE("clip pt: %g,%g,%g,%g", pt.x(), pt.y(), pt.z(), pt.w());
    // Perspective divide: now NDC
    pt /= pt.w();
    const osg::Viewport *viewport = cam->getViewport();
#if 1
    screen->x() = viewport->x() + viewport->width() * 0.5 + pt.x() * viewport->width() * 0.5;
    screen->y() = viewport->y() + viewport->height() * 0.5 + pt.y() * viewport->height() * 0.5;
    //double near = 0;
    //double far = 1;
    //screen->z() = (far + near) * 0.5 + (far - near) * 0.5 * pt.z();
    screen->z() = 0.5 + 0.5 * pt.z();
#else
    *screen = osg::Vec3d(pt.x(), pt.y(), pt.z()) * cam->getViewport()->computeWindowMatrix();
#endif
    if (invertY) {
        screen->y() = viewport->height() - screen->y();
    }
    TRACE("screen: %g,%g,%g", screen->x(), screen->y(), screen->z());
    return true;
}

bool Renderer::worldToScreen(std::vector<osg::Vec3d>& coords, bool invertY)
{
    if (!_viewer.valid()) {
        ERROR("No viewer");
        return false;
    }
    bool ret = true;
    osg::Camera *cam = _viewer->getCamera();
    osg::Matrixd MVP = cam->getViewMatrix() * cam->getProjectionMatrix();
    const osg::Viewport *viewport = cam->getViewport();
    for (std::vector<osg::Vec3d>::iterator itr = coords.begin();
         itr != coords.end(); ++itr) {
        // Get clip coords
        osg::Vec4d pt;
        pt = osg::Vec4d(*itr, 1.0) * MVP;
        // Clip
        if (pt.x() < -pt.w() ||
            pt.x() > pt.w() ||
            pt.y() < -pt.w() ||
            pt.y() > pt.w() ||
            pt.z() < -pt.w() ||
            pt.z() > pt.w()) {
            // Outside frustum
            TRACE("invalid pt: %g,%g,%g,%g", pt.x(), pt.y(), pt.z(), pt.w());
            itr->set(std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(),
                     std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(),
                     std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
            ret = false;
            continue;
        }
        TRACE("clip pt: %g,%g,%g,%g", pt.x(), pt.y(), pt.z(), pt.w());
        // Perspective divide: now NDC
        pt /= pt.w();
#if 1
        itr->x() = viewport->x() + viewport->width() * 0.5 + pt.x() * viewport->width() * 0.5;
        itr->y() = viewport->y() + viewport->height() * 0.5 + pt.y() * viewport->height() * 0.5;
        //double near = 0;
        //double far = 1;
        //itr->z() = (far + near) * 0.5 + (far - near) * 0.5 * pt.z();
        itr->z() = 0.5 + 0.5 * pt.z();
#else
        *itr = osg::Vec3d(pt.x(), pt.y(), pt.z()) * viewport->computeWindowMatrix();
#endif
        if (invertY) {
            itr->y() = viewport->height() - itr->y();
        }
        TRACE("screen: %g,%g,%g", itr->x(), itr->y(), itr->z());
    }
    return ret;
}

bool Renderer::mouseToLatLong(int mouseX, int mouseY,
                              double *latitude, double *longitude)
{
    if (getMapSRS() == NULL)
        return false;
    const osgEarth::SpatialReference *outSRS = 
        getMapSRS()->getGeographicSRS();
    if (outSRS == NULL)
        return false;
    osgEarth::GeoPoint mapPoint;
    if (mapMouseCoords(mouseX, mouseY, mapPoint)) {
        mapPoint = mapPoint.transform(outSRS);
        *longitude = mapPoint.x();
        *latitude = mapPoint.y();
        return true;
    } else {
        return false;
    }
}
#if 0
bool Renderer::mapToLatLong(osgEarth::GeoPoint& mapPoint)
{
    if (getMapSRS() == NULL)
        return false;
    const osgEarth::SpatialReference *outSRS = 
        getMapSRS()->getGeographicSRS();
    if (outSRS == NULL)
        return false;
    mapPoint = mapPoint.transform(outSRS);
    return true;
}
#endif
/**
 * \brief Map screen mouse coordinates to map coordinates
 *
 * This method assumes that mouse Y coordinates are 0 at the top
 * of the screen and increase going down if invertY is set, and 
 * 0 at the bottom and increase going up otherwise.
 */
bool Renderer::mapMouseCoords(float mouseX, float mouseY,
                              osgEarth::GeoPoint& map, bool invertY)
{
    if (!_mapNode.valid() || _mapNode->getTerrain() == NULL) {
        ERROR("No map");
        return false;
    }
    if (!_viewer.valid()) {
        ERROR("No viewer");
        return false;
    }
    if (invertY) {
        mouseY = ((float)_windowHeight - mouseY);
    }
    osg::Vec3d world;
    if (_mapNode->getTerrain()->getWorldCoordsUnderMouse(_viewer->asView(), mouseX, mouseY, world)) {
        map.fromWorld(getMapSRS(), world);
        return true;
    }
    return false;
}

bool Renderer::addImageLayer(const char *name,
                             osgEarth::TileSourceOptions& opts,
                             bool enableCache,
                             bool coverage,
                             bool makeShared,
                             bool visible,
                             unsigned int minLOD, unsigned int maxLOD)
{
    if (!_map.valid()) {
        ERROR("No map");
        return false;
    }
    TRACE("layer: %s", name);
    if (!opts.tileSize().isSet()) {
        opts.tileSize() = 256;
    }
    osgEarth::ImageLayerOptions layerOpts(name, opts);
    layerOpts.textureCompression() = osg::Texture::USE_IMAGE_DATA_FORMAT;
    if (coverage) {
        layerOpts.coverage() = true;
    }
    if (makeShared) {
        layerOpts.shared() = true;
    }
    if (!enableCache) {
        TRACE("Disabling cache for layer %s", name);
        layerOpts.cachePolicy() = osgEarth::CachePolicy(osgEarth::CachePolicy::USAGE_NO_CACHE);
    }
    if (!visible) {
        layerOpts.visible() = false;
    }
    layerOpts.minLevel() = minLOD;
    layerOpts.maxLevel() = maxLOD;
    osg::ref_ptr<osgEarth::ImageLayer> layer = new osgEarth::ImageLayer(layerOpts);
    _map->addImageLayer(layer.get());
    if (layer->getTileSource() == NULL || !layer->getTileSource()->isOK()) {
        ERROR("Failed to add image layer: %s", name);
        _map->removeImageLayer(layer.get());
        return false;
    }
    _needsRedraw = true;
    return true;
}

void Renderer::addColorFilter(const char *name,
                              const char *shader)
{
    if (!_map.valid()) {
        ERROR("No map");
        return;
    }
    osgEarth::ImageLayer *layer = _map->getImageLayerByName(name);
    if (layer == NULL) {
        TRACE("Image layer not found: %s", name);
        return;
    }
    osgEarth::Util::GLSLColorFilter *filter = new osgEarth::Util::GLSLColorFilter;
    filter->setCode(shader);
    //filter->setCode("color.rgb = color.r > 0.5 ? vec3(1.0) : vec3(0.0);");
    layer->addColorFilter(filter);
    _needsRedraw = true;
}

void Renderer::removeColorFilter(const char *name, int idx)
{
    if (!_map.valid()) {
        ERROR("No map");
        return;
    }
    osgEarth::ImageLayer *layer = _map->getImageLayerByName(name);
    if (layer == NULL) {
        TRACE("Image layer not found: %s", name);
        return;
    }
    if (idx < 0) {
        while (!layer->getColorFilters().empty()) {
            layer->removeColorFilter(layer->getColorFilters()[0]);
        }
    } else {
        layer->removeColorFilter(layer->getColorFilters().at(idx));
    }
    _needsRedraw = true;
}

void Renderer::removeImageLayer(const char *name)
{
    if (!_map.valid()) {
        ERROR("No map");
        return;
    }
    osgEarth::ImageLayer *layer = _map->getImageLayerByName(name);
    if (layer != NULL) {
        _map->removeImageLayer(layer);
        _needsRedraw = true;
    } else {
        TRACE("Image layer not found: %s", name);
    }
}

void Renderer::moveImageLayer(const char *name, unsigned int pos)
{
    if (!_map.valid()) {
        ERROR("No map");
        return;
    }
    osgEarth::ImageLayer *layer = _map->getImageLayerByName(name);
    if (layer != NULL) {
        _map->moveImageLayer(layer, pos);
        _needsRedraw = true;
    } else {
        TRACE("Image layer not found: %s", name);
    }
}

void Renderer::setImageLayerOpacity(const char *name, double opacity)
{
    if (!_map.valid()) {
        ERROR("No map");
        return;
    }
    osgEarth::ImageLayer *layer = _map->getImageLayerByName(name);
    if (layer != NULL) {
        layer->setOpacity(opacity);
        _needsRedraw = true;
    } else {
        TRACE("Image layer not found: %s", name);
    }
}

void Renderer::setImageLayerVisibleRange(const char *name, float min, float max)
{
    if (!_map.valid()) {
        ERROR("No map");
        return;
    }
    osgEarth::ImageLayer *layer = _map->getImageLayerByName(name);
    if (layer != NULL) {
        layer->setMinVisibleRange(min);
        layer->setMaxVisibleRange(max);
        _needsRedraw = true;
    } else {
        TRACE("Image layer not found: %s", name);
    }
}

void Renderer::setImageLayerVisibility(const char *name, bool state)
{
    if (!_map.valid()) {
        ERROR("No map");
        return;
    }
    osgEarth::ImageLayer *layer = _map->getImageLayerByName(name);
    if (layer != NULL) {
        layer->setVisible(state);
        _needsRedraw = true;
    } else {
        TRACE("Image layer not found: %s", name);
    }
}

void Renderer::addElevationLayer(const char *name,
                                 osgEarth::TileSourceOptions& opts,
                                 bool enableCache,
                                 bool visible,
                                 unsigned int minLOD, unsigned int maxLOD)
{
    if (!_map.valid()) {
        ERROR("No map");
        return;
    }
    TRACE("layer: %s", name);
    if (!opts.tileSize().isSet()) {
        opts.tileSize() = 17;
    }
    osgEarth::ElevationLayerOptions layerOpts(name, opts);
    if (!enableCache) {
        layerOpts.cachePolicy() = osgEarth::CachePolicy(osgEarth::CachePolicy::USAGE_NO_CACHE);
    }
    if (!visible) {
        layerOpts.visible() = false;
    }
    layerOpts.minLevel() = minLOD;
    layerOpts.maxLevel() = maxLOD;
    // XXX: GDAL does not report vertical datum, it should be specified here
    // Common options: geodetic (default), egm96, egm84, egm2008
    //layerOpts.verticalDatum() = "egm96";
    _map->addElevationLayer(new osgEarth::ElevationLayer(layerOpts));
    _needsRedraw = true;
}

void Renderer::removeElevationLayer(const char *name)
{
    if (!_map.valid()) {
        ERROR("No map");
        return;
    }
    osgEarth::ElevationLayer *layer = _map->getElevationLayerByName(name);
    if (layer != NULL) {
        _map->removeElevationLayer(layer);
        _needsRedraw = true;
    } else {
        TRACE("Elevation layer not found: %s", name);
    }
}

void Renderer::moveElevationLayer(const char *name, unsigned int pos)
{
    if (!_map.valid()) {
        ERROR("No map");
        return;
    }
    osgEarth::ElevationLayer *layer = _map->getElevationLayerByName(name);
    if (layer != NULL) {
        _map->moveElevationLayer(layer, pos);
        _needsRedraw = true;
    } else {
        TRACE("Elevation layer not found: %s", name);
    }
}

void Renderer::setElevationLayerVisibility(const char *name, bool state)
{
    if (!_map.valid()) {
        ERROR("No map");
        return;
    }
    osgEarth::ElevationLayer *layer = _map->getElevationLayerByName(name);
    if (layer != NULL) {
        layer->setVisible(state);
        _needsRedraw = true;
    } else {
        TRACE("Elevation layer not found: %s", name);
    }
}

void Renderer::initAnnotations()
{
    if (!_annotations.valid()) {
        _annotations = new osg::Group();
        _annotations->setName("Annotations");
        _sceneRoot->addChild(_annotations.get());
        _placeNodes = new osg::Group();
        _placeNodes->setName("Place Nodes");
        osgEarth::Decluttering::setEnabled(_placeNodes->getOrCreateStateSet(), true);
        _annotations->addChild(_placeNodes.get());
        if (_picker.valid()) {
            _picker->addChild(_placeNodes.get());
        }
    }
}

void Renderer::setSelectMode(SelectMode mode)
{
    _selectMode = mode;
    switch (_selectMode) {
    case SELECT_OFF: {
#ifdef USE_RTT_PICKER
        if (_picker.valid()) {
            _viewer->removeEventHandler(_picker.get());
            _picker = NULL;
        }
#endif
    }
        break;
    case SELECT_ON: {
#ifdef USE_RTT_PICKER
        if (!_picker.valid()) {
            _picker = new osgEarth::Util::RTTPicker;
            _picker->addChild(_mapNode);
            osg::ref_ptr<SelectCallback> callback = new SelectCallback(this);
            _picker->setDefaultCallback(callback.get());
            _viewer->addEventHandler(_picker.get());
        }
#endif
    }
        break;
    default:
        ERROR("Unknown select mode");
    }
}

void Renderer::setPlacardConfig(const Placard& placardConf, const char *layerName)
{
    osgEarth::ModelLayer *layer = _map->getModelLayerByName(layerName);
    if (layer == NULL) {
        ERROR("Unknown layer '%s'", layerName);
        return;
    }
    //PlacardNode *node;
    //node->setConfig(placardConf);
    _placardConfigs[layerName] = placardConf;
}

void Renderer::selectFeatures(std::vector<unsigned long>& featureIDs, const char *layerName)
{
    TRACE("Select layer '%s', num features: %u", layerName, featureIDs.size());
    clearSelection();
    if (featureIDs.size() == 0) {
        // clear selection
        return;
    }
    osgEarth::ModelLayer *layer = _map->getModelLayerByName(layerName);
    if (layer == NULL) {
        ERROR("Unknown layer '%s'", layerName);
        return;
    }
#ifdef WANT_TRACE
    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < featureIDs.size(); i++) {
        TRACE("feature ID: %u", featureIDs.at(i));
    }
#endif
    unsigned long fid = featureIDs.at(0);

    osgEarth::ModelSource *modelSource = layer->getModelSource();
    osgEarth::Features::FeatureModelSource *fms = dynamic_cast<osgEarth::Features::FeatureModelSource *>(modelSource);
    if (fms != NULL) {
        osgEarth::Features::FeatureSource *fs = fms->getFeatureSource();
        FindFeatureSourceIndexNodeVisitor visitor;
        visitor.source = fs;
        _sceneRoot->accept(visitor);
        TRACE("Num FeatureSourceIndexNodes found: %lu", visitor.nodes.size());
        for (size_t i = 0; i < visitor.nodes.size(); i++) {
            osgEarth::Features::FeatureIndex *index = visitor.nodes[i]->getIndex();
#if OSGEARTH_MIN_VERSION_REQUIRED(3, 0, 0)
            osgEarth::ObjectID id = index->getObjectID(fid);
#if 0
            osgEarth::Features::Feature *feature = index->getFeature(id);
            if (feature) {
                // Find feature centroid
                osgEarth::GeoPoint location;
                if (feature->getGeometry()) {
                    osg::BoundingSphered bound;
                    feature->getWorldBound(getMapSRS(), bound);
                    location.set(getMapSRS(), bound.center(),
                                 osgEarth::ALTMODE_ABSOLUTE);
                }
                addPlacard(location, feature, layerName);
            }
#endif
            setHighlightByObjectID(id);
            TRACE("FID %lu = OID %d", fid, id);
#endif
        }
        _needsRedraw = true;
    }
}

void Renderer::addPlacard(const osgEarth::GeoPoint& location,
                          osgEarth::Features::Feature *feature,
                          const char *layerName)
{
    if (feature == NULL) return;

    const osgEarth::Features::AttributeTable &attrs = feature->getAttrs();
    Placard placard = getPlacardConfig(layerName);
    if (placard.getNumEntries() == 0) {
        placard.addAllAttributes(attrs);
    }
    PlacardNode *label = 
        new PlacardNode(_mapNode.get(), location, placard, attrs);
    label->getOrCreateStateSet()->setRenderBinDetails(INT_MAX, "RenderBin");
    getAnnotations()->addChild(label);
}

void Renderer::clearSelection()
{
    clearHighlight();
    clearSelectionAnnotationNodes();
    clearBoxSelection();
    _needsRedraw = true;
}

/**
 * \brief Remove annotation nodes created during a pick/selection
 * 
 * The primary purpose of this method is to take down the feature placard
 */
void Renderer::clearSelectionAnnotationNodes()
{
    osg::Group *nodes = getAnnotations();
    std::vector<osg::Node *> toRemove;
    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < nodes->getNumChildren(); i++) {
        osg::Node *node = nodes->getChild(i);
        // This can be Placard, PlacardLabel, Label, Place or Track Node
        if (dynamic_cast<osgEarth::Annotation::OrthoNode *>(node) != NULL) {
            toRemove.push_back(node);
        }
    }
    for (std::vector<osg::Node *>::iterator itr = toRemove.begin();
         itr != toRemove.end(); ++itr) {
        nodes->removeChild(*itr);
    }
    _needsRedraw = true;
}

void Renderer::initBoxSelection(int x, int y)
{
    double latitude, longitude;
    if (!mouseToLatLong(x, y, &latitude, &longitude)) {
        return;
    }
    _anchorLat = latitude;
    _anchorLong = longitude;
    addRhumbBox(latitude, latitude, longitude, longitude);
}

void Renderer::updateBoxSelection(int x, int y)
{
    double nlat, nlong;
    if (!mouseToLatLong(x, y, &nlat, &nlong)) {
        return;
    }
    double latMin, latMax, longMin, longMax;
    if (nlong >= _anchorLong && nlat >= _anchorLat) {
        // +x +y
        longMin = _anchorLong;
        latMin = _anchorLat;
        longMax = nlong;
        latMax = nlat;
    } else if (nlong < _anchorLong && nlat >= _anchorLat) {
        // -x +y
        longMin = nlong;
        latMin = _anchorLat;
        longMax = _anchorLong;
        latMax = nlat;
    } else if (nlong < _anchorLong && nlat < _anchorLat) {
        // -x -y
        longMin = nlong;
        latMin = nlat;
        longMax = _anchorLong;
        latMax = _anchorLat;
    } else {
        // +x -y
        longMin = _anchorLong;
        latMin = nlat;
        longMax = nlong;
        latMax = _anchorLat;
    }
    osgEarth::Annotation::FeatureNode *node = _selectionBox.get();
    osgEarth::Symbology::Geometry *geom = node->getFeature()->getGeometry();
    (*geom)[0] = osg::Vec3d(longMax, latMin, 0);
    (*geom)[1] = osg::Vec3d(longMin, latMin, 0);
    (*geom)[2] = osg::Vec3d(longMin, latMax, 0);
    (*geom)[3] = osg::Vec3d(longMax, latMax, 0);
    node->init();
    for (std::set<osgEarth::Annotation::AnnotationNode *>::iterator itr = _selected.begin();
         itr != _selected.end(); ++itr) {
        (*itr)->clearDecoration();
    }
    _selected.clear();
    SelectPlaceNodesVisitor spnv(this, latMin, latMax, longMin, longMax);
    _sceneRoot->accept(spnv);
    _needsRedraw = true;
}

void SelectPlaceNodesVisitor::apply(osg::Node& node)
{
    osgEarth::Annotation::PlaceNode *placeNode =
        dynamic_cast<osgEarth::Annotation::PlaceNode*>(&node);
    if (placeNode != NULL) {
        const osgEarth::SpatialReference *outSRS = 
            _renderer->getMapSRS()->getGeographicSRS();
        osgEarth::GeoPoint pt = placeNode->getPosition();
        pt = pt.transform(outSRS);
        if (pt.x() >= _longMin && pt.x() <= _longMax &&
            pt.y() >= _latMin && pt.y() <= _latMax) {
            if (_renderer->select(placeNode)) {
                INFO("Select PlaceNode: %g %g n:'%s' t:'%s'",
                     pt.x(), pt.y(), placeNode->getName().c_str(),
                     placeNode->getText().c_str());
                placeNode->setDecoration("select");
            }
        }
    }
    traverse(node);
}

void Renderer::clearBoxSelection()
{
    if (_annotations.valid() && _selectionBox.valid()) {
        _annotations->removeChild(_selectionBox.get());
        _selectionBox = NULL;
    }
    for (std::set<osgEarth::Annotation::AnnotationNode *>::iterator itr = _selected.begin();
         itr != _selected.end(); ++itr) {
        (*itr)->clearDecoration();
    }
    _selected.clear();
    _needsRedraw = true;
}

void Renderer::addRhumbBox(double latMin, double latMax,
                           double longMin, double longMax)
{
    if (!_mapNode.valid()) {
        ERROR("No map node");
        return;
    }
    initAnnotations();

    if (_selectionBox.valid()) {
        osgEarth::Symbology::Geometry *geom = _selectionBox->getFeature()->getGeometry();
        (*geom)[0] = osg::Vec3d(longMax, latMin, 0);
        (*geom)[1] = osg::Vec3d(longMin, latMin, 0);
        (*geom)[2] = osg::Vec3d(longMin, latMax, 0);
        (*geom)[3] = osg::Vec3d(longMax, latMax, 0);
        _selectionBox->init();
    } else {
        const osgEarth::SpatialReference* geoSRS = _mapNode->getMapSRS()->getGeographicSRS();
        osgEarth::Symbology::Geometry *geom = new osgEarth::Symbology::Polygon();
        geom->push_back(osg::Vec3d(longMax, latMin, 0));
        geom->push_back(osg::Vec3d(longMin, latMin, 0));
        geom->push_back(osg::Vec3d(longMin, latMax, 0));
        geom->push_back(osg::Vec3d(longMax, latMax, 0));
        osgEarth::Symbology::Style boxStyle;
#if 1
        osgEarth::Symbology::PolygonSymbol *poly = boxStyle.getOrCreate<osgEarth::Symbology::PolygonSymbol>();
        poly->fill()->color() = osgEarth::Symbology::Color::Cyan;
        poly->fill()->color().a() = 0.5;
#else
        osgEarth::Symbology::LineSymbol *line = boxStyle.getOrCreate<osgEarth::Symbology::LineSymbol>();
        line->stroke()->color() = osgEarth::Symbology::Color::Yellow;
        line->stroke()->width() = 2.0f;
        //line->creaseAngle() = 45.0f;
        line->tessellation() = 10;
#endif
        osgEarth::Symbology::AltitudeSymbol *alt = boxStyle.getOrCreate<osgEarth::Symbology::AltitudeSymbol>();
        alt->clamping() = osgEarth::Symbology::AltitudeSymbol::CLAMP_TO_TERRAIN;
        //alt->technique() = osgEarth::Symbology::AltitudeSymbol::TECHNIQUE_GPU;
        alt->technique() = osgEarth::Symbology::AltitudeSymbol::TECHNIQUE_DRAPE;
        //alt->technique() = osgEarth::Symbology::AltitudeSymbol::TECHNIQUE_SCENE;
#if 0
        osgEarth::Symbology::RenderSymbol* rs = boxStyle.getOrCreateSymbol<osgEarth::Symbology::RenderSymbol>();
        rs->depthOffset()->enabled() = true;
        rs->depthOffset()->minBias() = 1000;
#endif
        osgEarth::Features::Feature *feature = new osgEarth::Features::Feature(geom, geoSRS, boxStyle);
        //feature->geoInterp() = osgEarth::GEOINTERP_GREAT_CIRCLE;
        feature->geoInterp() = osgEarth::GEOINTERP_RHUMB_LINE;
        _selectionBox =
            new osgEarth::Annotation::FeatureNode(_mapNode, feature);
        _annotations->addChild(_selectionBox.get());
    }

    _needsRedraw = true;
}

void Renderer::addPlaceNode(double latitude, double longitude, char *labelText)
{
    if (!_mapNode.valid()) {
        ERROR("No map node");
        return;
    }
    initAnnotations();

    const osgEarth::SpatialReference *geoSRS = _mapNode->getMapSRS()->getGeographicSRS();

    osgEarth::Symbology::Style pin;
    pin.getOrCreate<osgEarth::Symbology::IconSymbol>()->url()->setLiteral(getPinIcon());
    osgEarth::Annotation::AnnotationNode *anno =
        new osgEarth::Annotation::PlaceNode(_mapNode, osgEarth::GeoPoint(geoSRS, longitude, latitude), labelText, pin);
    anno->setName(labelText);
    _placeNodes->addChild(anno);
#ifdef USE_RTT_PICKER
    osgEarth::Registry::objectIndex()->tagNode(anno, anno);
#else
    osgEarth::Annotation::DecorationInstaller
        highlightInstaller("select", new osgEarth::Annotation::HighlightDecoration(osg::Vec4f(1,1,0,0.5)));
    _placeNodes->accept(highlightInstaller);

    // scale labels when hovering:
    osgEarth::Annotation::DecorationInstaller
        scaleInstaller("hover", new osgEarth::Annotation::ScaleDecoration(1.1f));
    _placeNodes->accept(scaleInstaller);
#endif
#if 0
    writeScene("/tmp/test.osg");
#endif
    _needsRedraw = true;
}
#if 0
void Renderer::hoverFeatureNodes(int x, int y, bool invertY)
{
    if (!_mapNode.valid()) {
        ERROR("No map node");
        return;
    }
    osgEarth::IntersectionPicker picker(_viewer.get(), _mapNode.get());
    osgEarth::IntersectionPicker::Hits hits;
    float mouseX = (float)x;
    float mouseY = (float)y;
    if (invertY) {
        mouseY = ((float)_windowHeight - mouseY);
    }
    std::set<osgEarth::Annotation::FeatureNode*> toUnHover;
    for (std::set<osgEarth::Annotation::FeatureNode*>::iterator itr = _hovered.begin();
         itr != _hovered.end(); ++itr) {
        toUnHover.insert(*itr);
    }
    if (picker.pick(mouseX, mouseY, hits)) {
        TRACE("Picker hits: %d", hits.size());
        for (osgEarth::IntersectionPicker::Hits::const_iterator hitr = hits.begin();
             hitr != hits.end(); ++hitr) {
            osgEarth::Annotation::FeatureNode *anno =
                picker.getNode<osgEarth::Annotation::FeatureNode>(*hitr);
            if (anno != NULL) {
                TRACE("Hit FeatureNode: %p", anno);
                if (_hovered.find(anno) == _hovered.end()) {
                    _hovered.insert(anno);
                    anno->setDecoration("hover");
                    _needsRedraw = true;
                }
                toUnHover.erase(anno);
            }
        }
#if 0
        writeScene("/tmp/test.osgt");
#endif
    }
    for (std::set<osgEarth::Annotation::FeatureNode *>::iterator itr = toUnHover.begin();
         itr != toUnHover.end(); ++itr) {
        _hovered.erase(*itr);
        (*itr)->clearDecoration();
        _needsRedraw = true;
    }
}
#endif

#ifdef USE_RTT_PICKER
void Renderer::hoverPlaceNode(int x, int y, bool invertY)
{
    if (!_placeNodes.valid()) {
        TRACE("No place nodes");
        return;
    }
    return;

    float mouseX = (float)x;
    float mouseY = (float)y;
    if (invertY) {
        mouseY = ((float)_windowHeight - mouseY);
    }
    if (_picker->pick(_viewer.get(), mouseX, mouseY)) {
        INFO("Hover pick queued: %g %g", mouseX, mouseY);
    } else {
        INFO("Failed to queue pick: %g %g", mouseX, mouseY);
    }
}

void Renderer::deletePlaceNode(int x, int y, bool invertY)
{
    if (!_placeNodes.valid()) {
        TRACE("No place nodes");
        return;
    }
    return;

    osg::ref_ptr<osgEarth::Util::RTTPicker> picker = new osgEarth::Util::RTTPicker;
    picker->addChild(_placeNodes.get());
    osg::ref_ptr<DeleteCallback> callback = new DeleteCallback(this);
    float mouseX = (float)x;
    float mouseY = (float)y;
    if (invertY) {
        mouseY = ((float)_windowHeight - mouseY);
    }
    if (picker->pick(_viewer.get(), mouseX, mouseY, callback)) {
        TRACE("Delete pick queued: %g %g", mouseX, mouseY);
    }
}
#else
void Renderer::hoverPlaceNode(int x, int y, bool invertY)
{
    if (!_placeNodes.valid()) {
        TRACE("No place nodes");
        return;
    }

    osgEarth::IntersectionPicker picker(_viewer.get(), _placeNodes.get());
    osgEarth::IntersectionPicker::Hits hits;
    float mouseX = (float)x;
    float mouseY = (float)y;
    if (invertY) {
        mouseY = ((float)_windowHeight - mouseY);
    }
    std::set<osgEarth::Annotation::AnnotationNode*> toUnHover;
    for (std::set<osgEarth::Annotation::AnnotationNode*>::iterator itr = _hovered.begin();
         itr != _hovered.end(); ++itr) {
        toUnHover.insert(*itr);
    }
    if (picker.pick(mouseX, mouseY, hits)) {
        TRACE("Picker hits: %d", hits.size());
        for (osgEarth::IntersectionPicker::Hits::const_iterator hitr = hits.begin();
             hitr != hits.end(); ++hitr) {
            TRACE("Hit: node %p drawable %p idx %d", picker.getNode<osg::Node>(*hitr), hitr->drawable.get(), hitr->primitiveIndex);
            osgEarth::Annotation::AnnotationNode *anno =
                picker.getNode<osgEarth::Annotation::AnnotationNode>(*hitr);
            if (anno != NULL && anno->getDecoration().empty()) {
                TRACE("Hit AnnotationNode: %p", anno);
                if (_hovered.find(anno) == _hovered.end()) {
                    _hovered.insert(anno);
                    anno->setDecoration("hover");
                    _needsRedraw = true;
                }
                toUnHover.erase(anno);
            }
        }
#if 0
        writeScene("/tmp/test.osgt");
#endif
    }
    for (std::set<osgEarth::Annotation::AnnotationNode *>::iterator itr = toUnHover.begin();
         itr != toUnHover.end(); ++itr) {
        _hovered.erase(*itr);
        (*itr)->clearDecoration();
        _needsRedraw = true;
    }
}

void Renderer::deletePlaceNode(int x, int y, bool invertY)
{
    if (!_placeNodes.valid()) {
        TRACE("No place nodes");
        return;
    }
    osgEarth::IntersectionPicker picker(_viewer.get(), _placeNodes.get());
    osgEarth::IntersectionPicker::Hits hits;
    float mouseX = (float)x;
    float mouseY = (float)y;
    if (invertY) {
        mouseY = ((float)_windowHeight - mouseY);
    }
    if (picker.pick(mouseX, mouseY, hits)) {
        TRACE("Picker hit!");
        // prevent multiple hits on the same instance
        std::set<osgEarth::Annotation::AnnotationNode *> fired;
        for (osgEarth::IntersectionPicker::Hits::const_iterator hitr = hits.begin();
             hitr != hits.end(); ++hitr) {
            osgEarth::Annotation::AnnotationNode *anno =
                picker.getNode<osgEarth::Annotation::AnnotationNode>(*hitr);
            if (anno != NULL && fired.find(anno) == fired.end()) {
                fired.insert(anno);
                _needsRedraw = true;
            }
        }
        for (std::set<osgEarth::Annotation::AnnotationNode *>::iterator itr = fired.begin();
             itr != fired.end(); ++itr) {
            (*itr)->clearDecoration();
            _placeNodes->removeChild(*itr);
            if (_hovered.find(*itr) != _hovered.end()) {
                _hovered.erase(*itr);
            }
        }
    } else {
        TRACE("NO Picker hits");
    }
#if 0
    writeScene("/tmp/test.osg");
#endif
}
#endif

void Renderer::addModelLayer(const char *name,
                             osgEarth::ModelSourceOptions& opts,
                             bool enableCache,
                             bool lighting,
                             bool visible)
{
    if (!_map.valid()) {
        ERROR("No map");
        return;
    }
    TRACE("layer: %s", name);
    osgEarth::ModelLayerOptions layerOpts(name, opts);
    if (!enableCache) {
        TRACE("Disabling cache for layer %s", name);
        layerOpts.cachePolicy() = osgEarth::CachePolicy(osgEarth::CachePolicy::USAGE_NO_CACHE);
    }
    if (!visible) {
        layerOpts.visible() = false;
    }
    layerOpts.lightingEnabled() = lighting;
    _map->addModelLayer(new osgEarth::ModelLayer(layerOpts));
    _needsRedraw = true;
}

void Renderer::removeModelLayer(const char *name)
{
    if (!_map.valid()) {
        ERROR("No map");
        return;
    }
    osgEarth::ModelLayer *layer = _map->getModelLayerByName(name);
    if (layer != NULL) {
        _map->removeModelLayer(layer);
        _needsRedraw = true;
    } else {
        TRACE("Model layer not found: %s", name);
    }
}

void Renderer::moveModelLayer(const char *name, unsigned int pos)
{
    if (!_map.valid()) {
        ERROR("No map");
        return;
    }
    osgEarth::ModelLayer *layer = _map->getModelLayerByName(name);
    if (layer != NULL) {
        _map->moveModelLayer(layer, pos);
        _needsRedraw = true;
    } else {
        TRACE("Model layer not found: %s", name);
    }
}

void Renderer::setModelLayerOpacity(const char *name, double opacity)
{
    if (!_map.valid()) {
        ERROR("No map");
        return;
    }
    osgEarth::ModelLayer *layer = _map->getModelLayerByName(name);
    if (layer != NULL) {
        layer->setOpacity(opacity);
        _needsRedraw = true;
    } else {
        TRACE("Model layer not found: %s", name);
    }
}
#if 0
void Renderer::setModelLayerVisibleRange(const char *name, float min, float max)
{
    if (!_map.valid()) {
        ERROR("No map");
        return;
    }
    osgEarth::ModelLayer *layer = _map->getModelLayerByName(name);
    if (layer != NULL) {
        layer->minVisibleRange(min);
        layer->maxVisibleRange(max);
        _needsRedraw = true;
    } else {
        TRACE("Model layer not found: %s", name);
    }
}
#endif
void Renderer::setModelLayerVisibility(const char *name, bool state)
{
    if (!_map.valid()) {
        ERROR("No map");
        return;
    }
    osgEarth::ModelLayer *layer = _map->getModelLayerByName(name);
    if (layer != NULL) {
        layer->setVisible(state);
        _needsRedraw = true;
    } else {
        TRACE("Model layer not found: %s", name);
    }
}

/**
 * \brief Resize the render window (image size for renderings)
 */
void Renderer::setWindowSize(int width, int height)
{
    if (_windowWidth == width &&
        _windowHeight == height) {
        TRACE("No change");
        return;
    }

    TRACE("Setting window size to %dx%d", width, height);

    double origBitrate = getMaximumBitrate();

    _windowWidth = width;
    _windowHeight = height;

    setMaximumBitrate(origBitrate);
    TRACE("Bandwidth target: %.2f Mbps", (float)(getMaximumBitrate()/1.0e6));
    TRACE("Frame rate target: %.2f Hz", (float)getMaximumFrameRateInHertz());

    if (_viewer.valid()) {
#ifdef USE_OFFSCREEN_RENDERING
#ifdef USE_PBUFFER
        osg::ref_ptr<osg::GraphicsContext> pbuffer;
        osg::ref_ptr<osg::GraphicsContext::Traits> traits = new osg::GraphicsContext::Traits;
        traits->x = 0;
        traits->y = 0;
        traits->width = _windowWidth;
        traits->height = _windowHeight;
        traits->red = 8;
        traits->green = 8;
        traits->blue = 8;
        traits->alpha = 8;
        traits->windowDecoration = false;
        traits->pbuffer = true;
        traits->doubleBuffer = true;
        traits->sharedContext = 0;

        pbuffer = osg::GraphicsContext::createGraphicsContext(traits.get());
        if (pbuffer.valid()) {
            TRACE("Pixel buffer has been created successfully.");
        } else {
            ERROR("Pixel buffer has not been created successfully.");
        }
        osg::Camera *camera = new osg::Camera;
        camera->setGraphicsContext(pbuffer.get());
        //camera->getOrCreateStateSet()->setGlobalDefaults();
        camera->setViewport(new osg::Viewport(0, 0, _windowWidth, _windowHeight));
        GLenum buffer = pbuffer->getTraits()->doubleBuffer ? GL_BACK : GL_FRONT;
        camera->setDrawBuffer(buffer);
        camera->setReadBuffer(buffer);
        camera->setFinalDrawCallback(_captureCallback.get());
        _viewer->addSlave(camera, osg::Matrixd(), osg::Matrixd());
        _viewer->realize();
#else
        if (_captureCallback.valid()) {
            _captureCallback->getTexture()->setTextureSize(_windowWidth, _windowHeight);
        }
        osgViewer::ViewerBase::Windows windows;
        _viewer->getWindows(windows);
        if (windows.size() == 1) {
            windows[0]->setWindowRectangle(0, 0, _windowWidth, _windowHeight);
        } else {
            ERROR("Num windows: %lu", windows.size());
        }
#endif
#else
        osgViewer::ViewerBase::Windows windows;
        _viewer->getWindows(windows);
#if 1
        for (osgViewer::Viewer::Windows::iterator itr = windows.begin();
             itr != windows.end(); ++itr) {
            osgViewer::GraphicsWindow *window = *itr;
            window->setWindowRectangle(0, 0, _windowWidth, _windowHeight);
            //window->grabFocusIfPointerInWindow();
        }
        //_viewer->getCamera()->setViewport(new osg::Viewport(0, 0, _windowWidth, _windowHeight));
#else
        if (windows.size() == 1) {
            windows[0]->setWindowRectangle(0, 0, _windowWidth, _windowHeight);
        } else {
            ERROR("Num windows: %lu", windows.size());
        }
#endif
#endif
        // HACK: Without this, the mouse coordinate mapping uses the old size
        // for 1 frame.
        assert(_viewer->getEventQueue() != NULL);
        //TRACE("Window EventQueue: %p", getEventQueue());
        //TRACE("Viewer EventQueue: %p", _viewer->getEventQueue());
        _viewer->getEventQueue()->windowResize(0, 0, _windowWidth, _windowHeight);
        _needsRedraw = true;
    }
}

/**
 * \brief Set the orientation of the camera from a quaternion
 * rotation
 *
 * \param[in] quat A quaternion with scalar part first: w,x,y,z
 * \param[in] absolute Is rotation absolute or relative?
 */
void Renderer::setCameraOrientation(const double quat[4], bool absolute)
{
    if (_manipulator.valid()) {
        _manipulator->setRotation(osg::Quat(quat[1], quat[2], quat[3], quat[0]));
        _needsRedraw = true;
    }
}

/**
 * \brief Reset pan, zoom, clipping planes and optionally rotation
 *
 * \param[in] resetOrientation Reset the camera rotation/orientation also
 */
void Renderer::resetCamera(bool resetOrientation)
{
    TRACE("Enter: resetOrientation=%d", resetOrientation ? 1 : 0);
    if (_viewer.valid()) {
        _viewer->home();
        _needsRedraw = true;
    }
}

/**
 * \brief Perform a 2D translation of the camera
 *
 * x,y pan amount are specified as signed absolute pan amount in viewport
 * units -- i.e. 0 is no pan, .5 is half the viewport, 2 is twice the viewport,
 * etc.
 *
 * \param[in] x Viewport coordinate horizontal panning (positive number pans
 * camera left, object right)
 * \param[in] y Viewport coordinate vertical panning (positive number pans 
 * camera up, object down)
 */
void Renderer::panCamera(double x, double y)
{
    TRACE("Enter: %g %g", x, y);

    if (_manipulator.valid()) {
        // Wants mouse delta x,y in normalized screen coords
        _manipulator->pan(x, y);
        _needsRedraw = true;
    }
}

void Renderer::rotateCamera(double x, double y)
{
    TRACE("Enter: %g %g", x, y);

    if (_manipulator.valid()) {
        _manipulator->rotate(x, y);
        _needsRedraw = true;
    }
}

/**
 * \brief Dolly camera or set orthographic scaling based on camera type
 *
 * \param[in] y Mouse y coordinate in normalized screen coords
 */
void Renderer::zoomCamera(double y)
{
    TRACE("Enter: y: %g", y);

    if (_manipulator.valid()) {
        // +y = zoom out, -y = zoom in
        TRACE("camDist: %g", _manipulator->getDistance());
#ifdef LIMIT_ZOOM_BY_MAP_SCALE
        if ((_mapScale < 0.0 && y > 0.0) ||
            (_mapScale < 0.1 && y < 0.0) ||
            (_mapScale > 40000.0 && y > 0.0))
            return;
#endif
#if 1
       _manipulator->zoom(0, y);
#else
        double dist = _manipulator->getDistance();
        dist *= (1.0 + y);
        _manipulator->setDistance(dist);
#endif
        _needsRedraw = true;
    }
}

bool Renderer::getImageLayerExtent(const char *name, osgEarth::GeoExtent &ext)
{
    if (!_map.valid()) {
        ERROR("No map");
        return false;
    }
    osgEarth::ImageLayer *layer = _map->getImageLayerByName(name);
    if (layer != NULL) {
        osgEarth::TileSource *ts = layer->getTileSource();
        if (ts != NULL) {
            ext = ts->getDataExtentsUnion();
            if (!ext.isValid() && ts->getProfile() != NULL) {
                ext = ts->getProfile()->getExtent();
            }
            INFO("Image layer %s srs: %s extent: %g %g %g %g",
                 name, ext.getSRS() ? ext.getSRS()->getName().c_str() : "nil",
                 ext.xMin(), ext.yMin(), ext.xMax(), ext.yMax());
            return true;
        }
    } else {
        TRACE("Image layer not found: %s", name);
    }
    return false;
}

bool Renderer::getElevationLayerExtent(const char *name, osgEarth::GeoExtent &ext)
{
    if (!_map.valid()) {
        ERROR("No map");
        return false;
    }
    osgEarth::ElevationLayer *layer = _map->getElevationLayerByName(name);
    if (layer != NULL) {
        osgEarth::TileSource *ts = layer->getTileSource();
        if (ts != NULL) {
            ext = ts->getDataExtentsUnion();
            if (!ext.isValid() && ts->getProfile() != NULL) {
                ext = ts->getProfile()->getExtent();
            }
            INFO("Elevation Layer %s srs: %s extent: %g %g %g %g",
                 name, ext.getSRS() ? ext.getSRS()->getName().c_str() : "nil",
                 ext.xMin(), ext.yMin(), ext.xMax(), ext.yMax());
            return true;
        }
    } else {
        TRACE("Elevation layer not found: %s", name);
    }
    return false;
}

bool Renderer::getModelLayerExtent(const char *name, osgEarth::GeoExtent &ext)
{
    if (!_map.valid()) {
        ERROR("No map");
        return false;
    }
    osgEarth::ModelLayer *layer = _map->getModelLayerByName(name);
    if (layer != NULL) {
        osgEarth::ModelSource *ms = layer->getModelSource();
        if (ms != NULL) {
            osgEarth::DataExtentList& dataExtents = ms->getDataExtents();
            if (dataExtents.size() > 0) {
                ext = dataExtents[0];
                for (unsigned int i = 1; i < dataExtents.size(); i++) {
                    ext.expandToInclude(dataExtents[i]);
                }
            }
            if (!ext.isValid()) {
                ERROR("Couldn't find extent of layer %s", name);
                return false;
            }
            INFO("Model Layer %s srs: %s extent: %g %g %g %g",
                 name, ext.getSRS() ? ext.getSRS()->getName().c_str() : "nil",
                 ext.xMin(), ext.yMin(), ext.xMax(), ext.yMax());
            return true;
        }
    } else {
        TRACE("Model layer not found: %s", name);
    }
    return false;
}

/**
 * \brief Set view to fit a bounding rectangle
 *
 * A camera distance is chosen such that the extent rectangle
 * will fit in the vertical field of view.
 *
 * \param ext input GeoExtent
 * \param durationSecs Animation duration for the view change.
 */
void Renderer::setViewpointFromExtent(const osgEarth::GeoExtent& ext,
                                      double durationSecs)
{
    setViewpointFromRect(ext.xMin(), ext.yMin(), ext.xMax(), ext.yMax(),
                         ext.getSRS(), durationSecs);
}

/**
 * \brief Set view to fit a bounding rectangle
 *
 * A camera distance is chosen such that the extent rectangle
 * will fit in the vertical field of view.
 *
 * \param xmin Minimum X coord in the given SRS
 * \param ymin Minimum Y coord in the given SRS
 * \param xmax Maximum X coord in the given SRS
 * \param ymax Maximum Y coord in the given SRS
 * \param srs Optional SRS of bounding points.  If omitted, wgs84 is assumed.
 * \param durationSecs Animation duration for the view change.
 */
void Renderer::setViewpointFromRect(double xmin, double ymin,
                                    double xmax, double ymax,
                                    const osgEarth::SpatialReference *srs,
                                    double durationSecs)
{
    if (!_viewer.valid() || !_manipulator.valid() || getMapSRS() == NULL)
        return;

    double x = 0.0, y = 0.0, distance = 0.0;
    double x1 = xmin, y1 = ymin, x2 = xmax, y2 = ymax;
    osgEarth::Units distanceUnits = getMapSRS()->getUnits();
    if (getMapSRS()->isProjected() && !getMapSRS()->isPlateCarre()) {
        INFO("Projected");
        osg::ref_ptr<const osgEarth::SpatialReference> fromSRS = 
            srs ? srs : osgEarth::SpatialReference::create("wgs84");
        fromSRS->transformExtentToMBR(getMapSRS(), x1, y1, x2, y2);
        double height = y2 - y1;
        double fovy, aspect, near, far;
        _viewer->getCamera()->getProjectionMatrixAsPerspective(fovy, aspect, near, far);
        distance = height / (2. * tan(osg::DegreesToRadians(fovy)/2.));
        INFO("fov: %g a: %g n: %g f: %g (%g, %g, %g, %g)", fovy, aspect, near, far, x1, y1, x2, y2);
        x = x1 + (x2 - x1)/2.0;
        y = y1 + (y2 - y1)/2.0;
        INFO("x: %g y: %g, dist: %g", x, y, distance);
    } else if (getMapSRS()->isGeographic() && !getMapSRS()->isPlateCarre()) {
        // World coords are ECEF
        INFO("Geocentric");
        osg::ref_ptr<const osgEarth::SpatialReference> fromSRS =
            srs ? srs : osgEarth::SpatialReference::create("wgs84");
        fromSRS->transformExtentToMBR(getMapSRS(), x1, y1, x2, y2);
        INFO("(%g, %g, %g, %g)", x1, y1, x2, y2);
        // These are angular units
        x = x1 + (x2 - x1)/2.0;
        y = y1 + (y2 - y1)/2.0;
        // These will be ECEF
        osg::Vec3d world1, world2, world3, world4;
        // bottom
        getMapSRS()->transformToWorld(osg::Vec3d(x, y1, 0), world1);
        // top
        getMapSRS()->transformToWorld(osg::Vec3d(x, y2, 0), world2);
        // Focal point on surface
        getMapSRS()->transformToWorld(osg::Vec3d(x, y, 0), world3);
        // point on line between top and bottom points
        world4 = world1 + (world2 - world1)/2.0;
        INFO("world1: %g,%g,%g world2: %g,%g,%g",
             world1.x(), world1.y(), world1.z(),
             world2.x(), world2.y(), world2.z());
        INFO("world3: %g,%g,%g world4: %g,%g,%g",
             world3.x(), world3.y(), world3.z(),
             world4.x(), world4.y(), world4.z());
        double height = (world2 - world1).length();
        double fovy, aspect, near, far;
        _viewer->getCamera()->getProjectionMatrixAsPerspective(fovy, aspect, near, far);
        distance = height / (2. * tan(osg::DegreesToRadians(fovy)/2.));
        distance -= (world4 - world3).length();
        if (distance < 0.0) distance = 0.0;
        distanceUnits = osgEarth::Units::METERS;
        INFO("fov: %g a: %g n: %g f: %g (%g, %g, %g, %g)", fovy, aspect, near, far, x1, y1, x2, y2);
        INFO("x: %g y: %g, dist: %g", x, y, distance);
    } else {
        assert(getMapSRS()->isPlateCarre());
        ERROR("Plate Carree not supported");
        return;
    }
    INFO("Map units: %d", getMapSRS()->getUnits().getType());
    osgEarth::Viewpoint vpt;
    vpt.focalPoint()->set(getMapSRS(), x, y, 0.0, osgEarth::ALTMODE_ABSOLUTE);
    vpt.range()->set(distance, distanceUnits);
    vpt.heading()->set(0.0, osgEarth::Units::DEGREES);
    vpt.pitch()->set(-90.0, osgEarth::Units::DEGREES);

    _manipulator->setViewpoint(vpt, durationSecs);
    _needsRedraw = true;
}

double Renderer::getMaxDistanceFromExtent(const osgEarth::GeoExtent& extent)
{
    if (!_viewer.valid() || extent.getSRS() == NULL)
        return 2.0e7;

    double x = 0.0, y = 0.0, distance = 0.0;
    double x1 = extent.xMin(), y1 = extent.yMin(), x2 = extent.xMax(), y2 = extent.yMax();
    osgEarth::Units distanceUnits = extent.getSRS()->getUnits();
    if (extent.getSRS()->isProjected() && !extent.getSRS()->isPlateCarre()) {
        INFO("Projected");
        double height = y2 - y1;
        double fovy, aspect, near, far;
        _viewer->getCamera()->getProjectionMatrixAsPerspective(fovy, aspect, near, far);
        distance = height / (2. * tan(osg::DegreesToRadians(fovy)/2.));
        INFO("fov: %g a: %g n: %g f: %g (%g, %g, %g, %g)", fovy, aspect, near, far, x1, y1, x2, y2);
        x = x1 + (x2 - x1)/2.0;
        y = y1 + (y2 - y1)/2.0;
        INFO("x: %g y: %g, dist: %g", x, y, distance);
    } else if (extent.getSRS()->isGeographic() && !extent.getSRS()->isPlateCarre()) {
        // World coords are ECEF
        INFO("Geocentric");
        INFO("(%g, %g, %g, %g)", x1, y1, x2, y2);
        // These are angular units
        x = x1 + (x2 - x1)/2.0;
        y = y1 + (y2 - y1)/2.0;
        // These will be ECEF
        osg::Vec3d world1, world2, world3, world4;
        // bottom
        getMapSRS()->transformToWorld(osg::Vec3d(x, y1, 0), world1);
        // top
        getMapSRS()->transformToWorld(osg::Vec3d(x, y2, 0), world2);
        // Focal point on surface
        getMapSRS()->transformToWorld(osg::Vec3d(x, y, 0), world3);
        // point on line between top and bottom points
        world4 = world1 + (world2 - world1)/2.0;
        double height = (world2 - world1).length();
        double fovy, aspect, near, far;
        _viewer->getCamera()->getProjectionMatrixAsPerspective(fovy, aspect, near, far);
        distance = height / (2. * tan(osg::DegreesToRadians(fovy)/2.));
        distance -= (world4 - world3).length();
        if (distance < 0.0) distance = 0.0;
        distanceUnits = osgEarth::Units::METERS;
        INFO("fov: %g a: %g n: %g f: %g (%g, %g, %g, %g)", fovy, aspect, near, far, x1, y1, x2, y2);
        INFO("x: %g y: %g, dist: %g", x, y, distance);
    } else {
        assert(extent.getSRS()->isPlateCarre());
        ERROR("Plate Carree not supported");
    }

    return distance;
}

/**
 * \brief Dolly camera to set distance from focal point
 *
 * \param[in] dist distance in world coordinate units (typically meters)
 */
void Renderer::setCameraDistance(double dist)
{
    TRACE("Enter: dist: %g", dist);

    if (_manipulator.valid()) {
        TRACE("camDist: %g", _manipulator->getDistance());

        _manipulator->setDistance(dist);

        _needsRedraw = true;
    }
}

void Renderer::keyPress(int key)
{
    osgGA::EventQueue *queue = getEventQueue();
    if (queue != NULL) {
        queue->keyPress(key);
        _needsRedraw = true;
    }
}

void Renderer::keyRelease(int key)
{
    osgGA::EventQueue *queue = getEventQueue();
    if (queue != NULL) {
        queue->keyRelease(key);
        _needsRedraw = true;
    }
}

void Renderer::setThrowingEnabled(bool state)
{
    if (_manipulator.valid()) {
        _manipulator->getSettings()->setThrowingEnabled(state);
    }
}

void Renderer::mouseDoubleClick(int button, double x, double y)
{
    osgGA::EventQueue *queue = getEventQueue();
    if (queue != NULL) {
        queue->mouseDoubleButtonPress((float)x, (float)y, button);
        _needsRedraw = true;
    }
}

void Renderer::mouseClick(int button, double x, double y)
{
    osgGA::EventQueue *queue = getEventQueue();
    if (queue != NULL) {
        queue->mouseButtonPress((float)x, (float)y, button);
        _needsRedraw = true;
    }
}

void Renderer::mouseDrag(int button, double x, double y)
{
    osgGA::EventQueue *queue = getEventQueue();
    if (queue != NULL) {
        queue->mouseMotion((float)x, (float)y);
        _needsRedraw = true;
    }
}

void Renderer::mouseRelease(int button, double x, double y)
{
    osgGA::EventQueue *queue = getEventQueue();
    if (queue != NULL) {
        queue->mouseButtonRelease((float)x, (float)y, button);
        _needsRedraw = true;
    }
}

void Renderer::mouseMotion(double x, double y)
{
#if 1
    osgGA::EventQueue *queue = getEventQueue();
    if (queue != NULL) {
        queue->mouseMotion((float)x, (float)y);
        _needsRedraw = true;
    }
#else
    if (_mouseCoordsTool.valid()) {
        if (_viewer.valid() && _coordsCallback.valid()) {
            osgEarth::GeoPoint mapPt;
            if (mapMouseCoords((float)x, (float)y, mapPt)) {
                _coordsCallback->set(mapPt, _viewer->asView(), _mapNode);
            } else {
                _coordsCallback->reset(_viewer->asView(), _mapNode);
            }
            _needsRedraw = true;
        }
    }
#endif
}

void Renderer::mouseScroll(int direction)
{
    osgGA::EventQueue *queue = getEventQueue();
    if (queue != NULL) {
        queue->mouseScroll((direction > 0 ? osgGA::GUIEventAdapter::SCROLL_UP : osgGA::GUIEventAdapter::SCROLL_DOWN));
        _needsRedraw = true;
    }
}

/**
 * \brief Set the RGB background color to render into the image
 */
void Renderer::setBackgroundColor(float color[3])
{
    _bgColor[0] = color[0];
    _bgColor[1] = color[1];
    _bgColor[2] = color[2];

    if (_viewer.valid()) {
        _viewer->getCamera()->setClearColor(osg::Vec4(color[0], color[1], color[2], 1));

        _needsRedraw = true;
    }
}

/**
 * \brief Sets flag to trigger rendering next time render() is called
 */
void Renderer::eventuallyRender()
{
    _needsRedraw = true;
}

/**
 * \brief Get a timeout in usecs for select()
 * 
 * If the paging thread is idle, returns <0 indicating that the
 * select call can block until data is available.  Otherwise,
 * if the frame render time was faster than the target frame 
 * rate, return the remaining frame time.
 */
long Renderer::getTimeout()
{
    if (!checkNeedToDoFrame())
        // <0 means no timeout, block until socket has data
        return -1L;
    if (_lastFrameTime < _minFrameTime) {
        return (long)1.0e6*(_minFrameTime - _lastFrameTime);
    } else {
        // No timeout (poll)
        return 0L;
    }
}

/**
 * \brief Check if paging thread is quiescent
 */
bool Renderer::isPagerIdle()
{
    if (!_viewer.valid())
        return true;
    else
        return (!_viewer->getDatabasePager()->requiresUpdateSceneGraph() &&
                !_viewer->getDatabasePager()->getRequestsInProgress());
}

/**
 * \brief Check is frame call is necessary to render and/or update
 * in response to events or timed actions
 */
bool Renderer::checkNeedToDoFrame()
{
    return (_needsRedraw ||
            (_viewer.valid() && _viewer->checkNeedToDoFrame()));
}

/**
 * \brief MapNode event phase
 *
 * This is called by the MapNode's event callback during the event
 * traversal of the viewer
 */
void Renderer::mapNodeUpdate()
{
    computeMapScale();
}

void Renderer::markFrameStart()
{
    _startFrameTime = osg::Timer::instance()->tick();
}

void Renderer::markFrameEnd()
{
    osg::Timer_t endFrameTick = osg::Timer::instance()->tick();
    _lastFrameTime = osg::Timer::instance()->delta_s(_startFrameTime, endFrameTick);
    if (_lastFrameTime > _minFrameTime) {
        FRAME("BROKE FRAME by %.2f msec", (_lastFrameTime - _minFrameTime)*1000.0f);
    } else {
        FRAME("Frame time: %.2f msec", _lastFrameTime*1000.0f);
    }
#ifdef USE_THROTTLING_SLEEP
    if (_lastFrameTime < _minFrameTime) {
        FRAME("Sleeping for %.2f msec", (_minFrameTime - _lastFrameTime)*1000.0f);
        OpenThreads::Thread::microSleep(static_cast<unsigned int>(1000000.0*(_minFrameTime - _lastFrameTime)));
    }
#endif
}

/**
 * \brief Cause the rendering to render a new image if needed
 *
 * The _needsRedraw flag indicates if a state change has occured since
 * the last rendered frame
 */
bool Renderer::render()
{
    if (_viewer.valid() && checkNeedToDoFrame()) {
        FRAME("Enter needsRedraw=%d",  _needsRedraw ? 1 : 0);
        _renderStartTime = osg::Timer::instance()->tick();
        FRAME("Before frame()");
        _viewer->frame();
        FRAME("After frame()");
        _renderStopTime = osg::Timer::instance()->tick();
        _renderTime = osg::Timer::instance()->delta_s(_renderStartTime, _renderStopTime);
        FRAME("Render time: %g msec", _renderTime * 1000.0);
#ifndef SLEEP_AFTER_QUEUE_FRAME
        _lastFrameTime = _renderTime;
#ifdef USE_THROTTLING_SLEEP
        if (_lastFrameTime < _minFrameTime) {
            FRAME("Sleeping for %.2f msec", (_minFrameTime - _lastFrameTime)*1000.0f);
            OpenThreads::Thread::microSleep(static_cast<unsigned int>(1.0e6*(_minFrameTime - _lastFrameTime)));
        }
#endif
#endif
#ifdef WANT_FRAME
        if (_viewer->getViewerStats() != NULL) {
            _viewer->getViewerStats()->report(std::cerr, _viewer->getViewerStats()->getLatestFrameNumber());
        }
#endif
        _needsRedraw = false;
        return true;
    } else {
        _renderStartTime = _renderStopTime = osg::Timer::instance()->tick();
        _renderTime = 0;
        return false;
    }
}

/**
 * \brief Read back the rendered framebuffer image
 */
osg::Image *Renderer::getRenderedFrame()
{
    if (_captureCallback.valid())
        return _captureCallback->getImage();
    else
        return NULL;
}

void Renderer::setScaleBar(bool state)
{
    if (_scaleLabel.valid()) {
        _scaleLabel->setVisible(state);
    }
    if (_scaleBar.valid()) {
        _scaleBar->setVisible(state);
    }
    _needsRedraw = true;
}

void Renderer::setScaleBarUnits(ScaleBarUnits units)
{
    _scaleBarUnits = units;
    _needsRedraw = true;
}

/**
 * \brief Compute the scale ratio of the map based on a horizontal center line
 *
 * The idea here is to take 2 screen points on a horizontal line in the center
 * of the screen and convert to lat/long.  The lat/long coordinates are then
 * used to compute the great circle distance (assuming spherical earth) between 
 * the points.
 *
 * We could use local projected map coordinates for the distance computation,
 * which would be faster; however, this would not show e.g. the change in 
 * scale at different latitudes
 */
double Renderer::computeMapScale()
{
    if (!_scaleLabel.valid() || !_scaleLabel->visible()) {
        return -1.0;
    }
    if (!_mapNode.valid() || _mapNode->getTerrain() == NULL) {
        ERROR("No map");
        return -1.0;
    }
    if (!_viewer.valid()) {
        ERROR("No viewer");
        return -1.0;
    }

    double x, y;
    double pixelWidth = _windowWidth * 0.1 * 2.0;
    if (pixelWidth < 10)
        pixelWidth = 10;
    if (pixelWidth > 150)
        pixelWidth = 150;
    x = (double)(_windowWidth -1)/2.0 - pixelWidth / 2.0;
    y = (double)(_windowHeight-1)/2.0;

    osg::Vec3d world1, world2;
    if (!_mapNode->getTerrain()->getWorldCoordsUnderMouse(_viewer->asView(), x, y, world1)) {
        // off map
        TRACE("Off map coords: %g %g", x, y);
        _scaleLabel->setText("");
        _scaleBar->setWidth(0);
        return -1.0;
    }
    x += pixelWidth;
    if (!_mapNode->getTerrain()->getWorldCoordsUnderMouse(_viewer->asView(), x, y, world2)) {
        // off map
        TRACE("Off map coords: %g %g", x, y);
        _scaleLabel->setText("");
        _scaleBar->setWidth(0);
        return -1.0;
    }

#if 0
    TRACE("w1: %g %g %g w2: %g %g %g",
          world1.x(), world1.y(), world1.z(),
          world2.x(), world2.y(), world2.z());
#endif

    double meters;
    double radius = 6378137.0;
    if (_mapNode->getMapSRS() &&
        _mapNode->getMapSRS()->getEllipsoid()) {
        radius = _mapNode->getMapSRS()->getEllipsoid()->getRadiusEquator();
    }
    if (!_map->isGeocentric() &&
        _mapNode->getMapSRS() &&
        _mapNode->getMapSRS()->isGeographic()) {
        TRACE("Map is geographic");
        // World cords are already lat/long
        // Compute great circle distance
        meters =
            osgEarth::GeoMath::distance(world1, world2, _mapNode->getMapSRS());
    } else if (_mapNode->getMapSRS()) {
        // Get map coords in lat/long
        osgEarth::GeoPoint mapPoint1, mapPoint2;
        mapPoint1.fromWorld(_mapNode->getMapSRS(), world1);
        mapPoint1.makeGeographic();
        mapPoint2.fromWorld(_mapNode->getMapSRS(), world2);
        mapPoint2.makeGeographic();
        // Compute great circle distance
        meters =
            osgEarth::GeoMath::distance(osg::DegreesToRadians(mapPoint1.y()),
                                        osg::DegreesToRadians(mapPoint1.x()),
                                        osg::DegreesToRadians(mapPoint2.y()),
                                        osg::DegreesToRadians(mapPoint2.x()),
                                        radius);
    } else {
        // Assume geocentric?
        ERROR("No map SRS");
        _scaleLabel->setText("");
        _scaleBar->setWidth(0);
        return -1.0;
    }

    double scale = meters / pixelWidth;
    // 1mi = 5280 feet
    //double scaleMiles = scale / 1609.344; // International mile = 1609.344m
    //double scaleNauticalMiles = scale / 1852.0; // nautical mile = 1852m
    //double scaleUSSurveyMiles = scale / 1609.347218694; // US survey mile = 5280 US survey feet
    //double scaleUSSurveyFeet = scale * 3937.0/1200.0; // US survey foot = 1200/3937 m
#if 0
    TRACE("m: %g px: %g m/px: %g", meters, pixelWidth, scale);
#endif
    _mapScale = scale;
    switch (_scaleBarUnits) {
    case UNITS_NAUTICAL_MILES: {
        double nmi = meters / 1852.0;
        scale = nmi / pixelWidth;
        nmi = normalizeScaleNauticalMiles(nmi);
        pixelWidth = nmi / scale;
        if (_scaleLabel.valid()) {
            _scaleLabel->setText(osgEarth::Stringify()
                                 << nmi
                                 << " nmi");
        }
    }
        break;
    case UNITS_US_SURVEY_FEET: {
        double feet = meters * 3937.0/1200.0;
        scale = feet / pixelWidth;
        feet = normalizeScaleFeet(feet);
        pixelWidth = feet / scale;
        if (_scaleLabel.valid()) {
            if (feet >= 5280) {
                _scaleLabel->setText(osgEarth::Stringify()
                                     << feet / 5280.0
                                     << " miUS");
             } else {
                _scaleLabel->setText(osgEarth::Stringify()
                                     << feet
                                     << " ftUS");
            }
        }
    }
        break;
    case UNITS_INTL_FEET: {
        double feet = 5280.0 * meters / 1609.344;
        scale = feet / pixelWidth;
        feet = normalizeScaleFeet(feet);
        pixelWidth = feet / scale;
        if (_scaleLabel.valid()) {
            if (feet >= 5280) {
                _scaleLabel->setText(osgEarth::Stringify()
                                     << feet / 5280.0
                                     << " mi");
            } else {
                _scaleLabel->setText(osgEarth::Stringify()
                                     << feet
                                     << " ft");
            }
        }
    }
        break;
    case UNITS_METERS:
    default: {
        meters = normalizeScaleMeters(meters);
        pixelWidth = meters / scale;
        if (_scaleLabel.valid()) {
            if (meters >= 1000) {
                _scaleLabel->setText(osgEarth::Stringify()
                                     << meters / 1000.0
                                     << " km");
            } else {
                _scaleLabel->setText(osgEarth::Stringify()
                                     << meters
                                     << " m");
            }
        }
    }
        break;
    }
    if (_scaleBar.valid()) {
        _scaleBar->setWidth(pixelWidth);
    }
    return scale;
}

std::string Renderer::getCanonicalPath(const std::string& url) const
{
    std::string retStr;
    std::string proto = osgDB::getServerProtocol(url);
    if (proto.empty()) {
        retStr = osgDB::getRealPath(url);
        if (!osgDB::fileExists(retStr)) {
            if (!url.empty() && url[0] != '/') {
                // Relative URL, assume local://
                std::ostringstream oss;
                oss << getCacheDirectory() << "/" << url;
                retStr = oss.str();
            } else {
                retStr = "";
            }
        }
    } else if (proto == "local") {
        INFO("Local protocol: '%s'", getLocalFilePath(url).c_str());
        std::ostringstream oss;
        oss << getCacheDirectory() << "/" << getLocalFilePath(url);
        retStr = oss.str();
    } else if (proto == "file") {
        INFO("File: '/%s'", osgDB::getServerFileName(url).c_str());
        std::ostringstream oss;
        oss << "/" <<  osgDB::getServerFileName(url);
        retStr = oss.str();
    } else if (proto == "idata") {
        std::string fileName = osgDB::getServerFileName(url);
        INFO("IData protocol: coll: '%s', '%s'", osgDB::getServerAddress(url).c_str(), fileName.c_str());
        int collection = atoi(osgDB::getServerAddress(url).c_str());
        {
            std::ostringstream oss;
            oss << getCacheDirectory() << "/" << fileName;
            retStr = oss.str();
            std::string dirPath = osgDB::getFilePath(retStr);
            osgDB::makeDirectory(dirPath);
        }
        if (!osgDB::fileExists(retStr)) {
            std::ostringstream oss;
            oss << "//" << fileName;
            IData::Buffer buf;
            IData::getFile(collection, oss.str().c_str(), &buf);
            std::ofstream file(retStr.c_str());
            file.write((char *)buf.data, buf.size);
            file.close();
        }
    } else {
        INFO("Protocol: '%s' url: '%s'", proto.c_str(), url.c_str());
        retStr = url;
    }
    return retStr;
}

void Renderer::writeScene(const std::string& file)
{
    if (_sceneRoot.valid()) {
        GraphPrintVisitor gpv;
        _sceneRoot->accept(gpv);
        //osgDB::writeNodeFile(*_sceneRoot.get(), file);
    }
}