BME 695L Lecture 11: Assessing Nanotoxicity at the Single Cell Level

By James Leary

Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN

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Abstract

See references below for related reading.

11.1      Need for single cell measures of nanotoxicity
11.1.1    There is more than one way for a cell to die...
11.1.2    "Necrosis" vs. "Apoptosis"
11.1.3    There are other forms of "toxicity"
11.1.4    Some other challenges in measuring toxicity of nanomaterials

11.2      Necrosis vs. Apoptosis mechanisms
11.2.1    Necrosis is unplanned "cell injury"
11.2.2    Apoptosis is planned "programmed cell death"
11.2.3    Why it is important to distinguish between necrosis and apoptosis?

11.3      Single-cell assays for necrosis and apoptosis
11.3.1    Dye exclusion assays for necrosis
11.3.2    TUNEL assays for late apoptosis
11.3.3    Annexin V assays for early apoptosis
11.3.4    COMET assays for DNA damage and repair
11.3.5    Light scatter assays
11.3.6    Dihydroethidium assays for oxidative stress

11.4      Nanotoxicity in vivo – some additional challenges
11.4.1    Single-cell nanotoxicity, plus biodistribution measuring challenges….
11.4.2  Accumulations and agglomerations of nanoparticles can change toxicity locally to tissues and organs
11.4.3    Filtration issues of nanoparticles – size matters – toxicity to kidney, liver and lung
11.4.4    Functional sensitivity of heart and brain to nanotoxicity largely unknown

Credits

Copyright © 2011, James F. Leary, All rights reserved.

References

Chan, S.M., Olson, J.A., Utz, P.J. "Single-Cell Analysis of siRNA-Mediated Gene Silencing Using Multiparameter Flow Cytometry". Cytometry Part A 69A:59–65 (2005).
Chan, W-H, Nion-Shiao, N-H, Pin-Zhen Lu, P-Z. "CdSe quantum dots induce apoptosis in human neuroblastoma cells via mitochondrial-dependent pathways and inhibition of survival signals". Toxicol. Lett. (2006), doi:10.1011/j.toxlet.2006.09.007 (Full text available at nih.gov)
Darzynkiewicz Z, Juan G, Li X, Gorczyca W, Murakami T, Traganos F. "Cytometry in cell necrobiology: analysis of apoptosis and accidental cell death (necrosis)". Cytometry. 1997 Jan 1;27(1):1-20.
Kirchner,C. Liedl, T., Kudera, S., Pellegrino,T., Munoz Javier, A., Hermann E. Gaub,H.E., Stolzle,S., N. Fertig, Parak, W.P., "Cytotoxicity of Colloidal CdSe and CdSe/ZnS Nanoparticles". Nano Letters, Vol. 5, No. 2, 331-338, 2005.
Oberdörster,G., Oberdörster, E. Oberdörster, J. "Nanotoxicology: An Emerging Discipline Evolving from Studies of Ultrafine Particles". Environmental Health Perspectives 113(7): 2005 (Full text available at nih.gov)
Ryman-Rasmussen, J.P., Riviere, J.E.,Monteiro-Riviere, N.A. "Surface Coatings Determine Cytotoxicity and Irritation Potential of Quantum Dot Nanoparticles in Epidermal Keratinocytes". Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 10 August 2006; doi:10.1038/sj.jid.5700508
Shiohara, A., Hoshino, A., Hanaki, K., Suzuki, K., Yamamoto, K. "On the cytotoxicity caused by quantum dots". Microbiol. Immunol. 48(9): 669-675, 2004. (Full text available at nih.gov

Cite this work

Researchers should cite this work as follows:

  • James Leary (2011), "BME 695L Lecture 11: Assessing Nanotoxicity at the Single Cell Level," https://nanohub.org/resources/12264.

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1083 BME, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN

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